DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/11422/1052026-07-30T04:38:28Z2026-07-30T04:38:28ZEstudo de construções negativas do português do Brasil em enunciados de questões objetivas de concursoshttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298612026-07-29T19:09:35Z2026-02-27T00:00:00ZTitle: Estudo de construções negativas do português do Brasil em enunciados de questões objetivas de concursos
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Maria José Dias Pinesso da
Advisor: Maia, Marcus Antonio Rezende
Abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of negative constructions in Portuguese present in
the statements of exam questions. It aimed to investigate the gap in the analysis of
negation in objective exam questions. An experimental methodology was used,
employing eye tracking and analysis of a corpus of questions presented by exam
boards. The study was developed in two stages. The first stage involved an
experiment with eye tracking to verify how negative sentences were read compared
to affirmative sentences. Online studies were conducted, with the reading of negative
and affirmative sentences using the eye-tracking device, in order to verify the readers'
gaze behavior, including eye movements such as regressions, fixations, and saccades
during the reading of negative sentences, and subsequently compared with the
reading of the same sentences in their affirmative versions. Based on the analysis of
the differences observed in the readings, it was noticed that reading negative
structures seemed more costly than reading affirmative structures. Bearing this in
mind, the second stage involved analyzing exam questions with statements
containing negative words to explore a possible relationship between the use of
negative commands and the number of successful candidates. The intention was to
investigate whether the higher processing cost of reading negative sentences could
somehow interfere with the formulation of exam questions and the number of
successful candidates. An analysis of questions from three exam boards was
conducted through searches on the boards' websites (Vunesp, AOCP, and
Publiconsult) and preparatory courses for competitive exams, as well as online
interviews with members of the commissions. The results of the experiment in the
first stage and the question analyses suggested that negative structures appear to
have a higher linguistic processing cost, and therefore, the results obtained suggest
that statements containing these structures may demand greater cognitive effort
during reading processing. In this sense, the hypothesis arises that the use of such
structures, in evaluative contexts, may influence the performance of candidates.
However, this possibility should be interpreted with caution, since it is not a causal
relationship directly tested in this study, but an exploratory inference that requires
further investigation in future research.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2026-02-27T00:00:00ZPorque os homens fogem todos para a França e as mulheres é que tem de cavar as vinhas: uma análise sociolinguística e filológica de cartas de mulheres portuguesas do século XXhttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298592026-07-29T18:02:18Z2025-12-17T00:00:00ZTitle: Porque os homens fogem todos para a França e as mulheres é que tem de cavar as vinhas: uma análise sociolinguística e filológica de cartas de mulheres portuguesas do século XX
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Craveiro, Pamela Mateus
Advisor: Oliveira, Thiago Laurentino de
Abstract: This dissertation presents a philological and sociolinguistic approach to letters written by
Portuguese women in the 20th century, examining the second-person pronominal forms tu and
você, as well as the graphematic phenomena found in the manuscripts. Based on a philological-
linguistic perspective, the study acknowledges the issues surrounding authorship and
authenticity, considering the presence of amanuenses and multiple hands in the letters. The
corpus consists of 53 letters, totaling 362 occurrences of second-person pronouns, and the
results suggest a predominance of tu (97.8%), while você occurred in only 2.2% of the data,
confirming the hypothesis that, in European Portuguese, tu functions as a stable pattern within
that speech community. However, although there is homogeneity in the preference for tu with
regard to address pronouns, expressive divergences were observed in the graphematic
dimension among the writers. In this sense, the results indicate traces of orality, possible
dialectal features, and different levels of literacy among the letter writers. The quantitative
analysis reveals that, although there is uniformity at the morphosyntactic level, the writing
exhibits divergent linguistic behaviors. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of
analyzing not only the morphosyntactic dimension but also aspects related to graphical traits,
which may reveal linguistic behaviors that would not be captured within a single scope. Thus,
the research contributes to a broader understanding of linguistic variation and feminine writing
in European Portuguese of the 20th century.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Dissertação2025-12-17T00:00:00ZUm estudo sobre a variação da coda (r) com falantes periféricos da comunidade de fala do Rio de Janeirohttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298182026-07-29T03:00:10Z2026-02-09T00:00:00ZTitle: Um estudo sobre a variação da coda (r) com falantes periféricos da comunidade de fala do Rio de Janeiro
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Kamila Leite Alvarez da
Advisor: Melo, Marcelo Alexandre Silva Lopes de
Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the linguistic behavior of speakers living in favelas in
the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, in the FavRio sample, with respect to variation of (r) in
internal coda and (r) in external coda in non-verbal items. The objective is to seek, through
the results obtained for the two variables under analysis, the structural and social constraints,
as well as evidence concerning the role of the lexical item in the propagation of sound change,
examining whether different linguistic patterns are developing within the same speech
community. To this end, theoretical assumptions from Variationist Sociolinguistics
(WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006) and Usage-Based Models (BYBEE, 2016;
PIERREHUMBERT, 2003; CRISTÓFARO SILVA; GOMES, 2017, 2020) are combined.
The analysis of structural and social constraints on the realization of (r) in medial and final
coda in non-verbs was conducted using production data collected from 24 speakers from the
FavRio Sample. The data were submitted to a mixed effects logistic regression model using
the Rbrul software and the results reveal that linguistic constraints operate on both variables
with the overall distribution as follows: (a) for (r) in internal coda - 81.8% for the realization
of the segment and 18.2% for its absence; and (b) for (r) in external coda in non-verbs -
41.8% for the realization of the segment and 58.2% for its absence. Furthermore, the
examination of the random variables points to the possibility of a more advanced process of
change toward the absence of external (r) coda in non-verbs.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Dissertação2026-02-09T00:00:00ZQueísmo e dequeísmo na escrita brasileira contemporânea: uma análise variacionistahttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298162026-07-29T03:00:10Z2026-02-04T00:00:00ZTitle: Queísmo e dequeísmo na escrita brasileira contemporânea: uma análise variacionista
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Carneiro, Leandro Gonçalves
Advisor: Oliveira, Thiago Laurentino de
Abstract: This work aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of “queism” (preposition deletion)
and “dequeism” (preposition insertion) in finite completive subordinate clauses in
contemporary written Brazilian Portuguese, based on the theoretical assumptions of
Variationist Sociolinguistics (Labov, 2008 [1972]; Weinreich; Herzog, 2006 [1968]) and
Usage-Based Linguistics (Bybee, 2016 [2010]), in order to explain the phenomena, not only
as a typically variable phenomenon, but also through the concepts of analogy and frequency
of use. These phenomena are investigated primarily as cases of syntactic variation regarding
the use of the preposition “de” (of) before the complementizer “que” (that). Specifically, I
sought to investigate in what syntactic and/or discursive contexts speakers of contemporary
Brazilian Portuguese tend to omit a preposition required by the predicate of the parent clause
or to insert a preposition not required by the predicate of the main clause. From this
investigation, 902 occurrences of complement clauses were collected for the analysis of
queism (excessive use of that), of wich 437 occurrences were found, and 1154 occurrences of
complement clauses were collected for the analysis of dequeism (excessive use of that), of
which 75 occurrences were found. The results were obtained after submitting the data to
vaiable rule analysis (“Binominal, Up and Down”) in the GoldVarb-X program. This
dissertation also analyzes adjective, noun, and verb complements, functioning as subject,
nominal complement, direct object, and oblique object. Among the complement clauses
selected by adjective, I described those related to the adjectival predicates “probable”,
“certain”, “important”, “possible” and “necessary”; regarding those predicated by nominal
predicates, I examined those selected by the words “certainty”, “conviction”, “importance”,
“necessity”, “possibility”, and “probability”; among those selected by verbal predicates, in
turn, I considered those that complement the words “to forget”, “to remember”, “to convince
oneself”, “to doubt”, “to need”, “to like” and “to recall”. The source of the analyzed data is
the Corpus of Portuguese: Now subsample, which gathers news from newspapers and
magazines published on the internet, allowing us to analyze data from contemporary written
language in journalistic texts and, at the same time, examine varied textual genres, since they
are disseminated through internet sites. Throughout this dissertation, I described the
phenomena through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data, showing how
linguistic and extralinguistic factors influence the variables discussed here. In terms of
contribution, this work shows how variation occurs systematically, and not as an “error”.
Furthermore, it contributes to expanding knowledge about the syntax of Brazilian Portuguese,
as well as the mechanisms that guide linguistic variation.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Dissertação2026-02-04T00:00:00Z