DSpace Community:http://hdl.handle.net/11422/132026-07-26T03:30:25Z2026-07-26T03:30:25ZMemórias, circulação de plantas e africanos escravizados na obra Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648)http://hdl.handle.net/11422/297942026-07-26T03:00:12Z2025-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Memórias, circulação de plantas e africanos escravizados na obra Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648)
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Jerônimo, Jéssica de Andrade
Advisor: Medeiros, Maria Franco Trindade
Abstract: The slave trade during Brazilian colonization promoted the forced migration of thousands of
Africans to be enslaved, which likely led to necessary socio-environmental adaptations for the
survival of this population, as well as the circulation of knowledge and plants during this
period. The Historia Naturalis Brasiliae, a work by Pies and Marggraf published in 1648,
during the period of Dutch colonization in northeastern Brazil, contains descriptions that
allow access to the “subterranean memories” of enslaved Africans regarding knowledge of the
flora, as well as the “circulation” of species and associated knowledge. The objective was to
reveal the “subterranean memories” about plants and their “circulation” among different
agents and spaces in the construction of the scientific knowledge of the naturalists Pies and
Marggraf, in association with enslaved Africans in the 17th century. To obtain the data a
reading of the translated versions from 1942 and 1948 was conducted, and to verify the
information, the original 1648 edition was consulted. The “subterranean memories” linked to
plants were categorized in terms of direct and indirect association with enslaved Africans. For
the identification of taxonomic clues, Pickel (2008) and Alcantara-Rodriguez et al. (2019)
were used as auxiliary resources. The usage typologies described for the plants were
organized into four categories: food, construction, medicinal, and technological. The
frequency of citations was calculated for the plant part used and the method of preparation for
consumption within the most significant usage category. Terms directly associated with
enslaved Africans were more frequent, totaling 22 popular names associated with five terms,
the most expressive of which was “Negros” (n=11; 46%). A total of 24 taxonomic clues and
37 popular names related to enslaved Africans were identified. The food use category was the
most relevant (n= 13 citations; 68.4%). Highlighting the circulation of plants between Africa
and Brazil, in Pies’ descriptions, Manihot esculenta Crantz. was the most versatile in this
category (n=4 uses); and in Marggraf’s descriptions, Dioscorea alata L. was the only one with
more than one food use (n=2). The part of the plant with the highest indication of
consumption was the “root” (n=5; 38.5%), and the “cooked” preparation for consumption
(n=3; 23.1%). Conditions of food and health insecurity among the enslaved population would
be indicative of this circulation of knowledge related to plant species in their adaptation
processes for survival under new socio-environmental conditions. It is understood that access
to memory regarding the relationship of the invisible and oppressed with plant species
deepens scientific knowledge about local biodiversity.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Dissertação2025-08-01T00:00:00ZPosicionamento taxonômico e variação geográfica de populações do gênero Amerotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) das restingas da porção norte do estado do Rio de Janeirohttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/297672026-07-24T03:00:11Z2025-06-26T00:00:00ZTitle: Posicionamento taxonômico e variação geográfica de populações do gênero Amerotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) das restingas da porção norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Lopes, Leonardo Victor de Souza
Advisor: Passos, Paulo Gustavo Homem
Abstract: Amerotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) comprises 19 species that occur in the continental portions of Central and South America, as well as insular parts of Grenada, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago. In Brazil, there are currently 11 recognized species of Amerotyphlops, four of which were recently described. The present study investigated the taxonomic position of Amerotyphlops populations that occur in restinga areas in the northern part of Rio de Janeiro and southern part of Espírito Santo States. The external morphology (meristic data, morphometrics, color patterns) and internal morphology (hemipenes) of representative samples from these regions were examined in detail. The DNA sequences previously available in GenBank and new sequences produced from some mitochondrial (12S, 16S and COX1) and nuclear (BDNF) molecular markers were used in phylogenetic inference from analyses of Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference to obtain the positioning of these populations in the Amerotyphlops phylogeny. Based on the results presented here, it is proposed that Amerotyphlops illusorium be synonymized with Amerotyphlops brongersmianus and that the populations of the restingas in the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro and the south of Espírito Santo are Amerotyphlops martis, expand significantly the geographic distribution and morphological variation of the species.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Dissertação2025-06-26T00:00:00ZComportamento reprodutivo de centris analis, centris tarsata emegachile microsoma (hymenoptera: apidae, megachilidae) na Amazônia Oriental, Brasilhttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/297552026-07-23T03:00:12Z2025-05-25T00:00:00ZTitle: Comportamento reprodutivo de centris analis, centris tarsata emegachile microsoma (hymenoptera: apidae, megachilidae) na Amazônia Oriental, Brasil
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Pereira, Diego Marinho
Advisor: Vivallo, Felipe
Abstract: Solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) make up the majority of existing bee species. Despite their vast diversity in life histories, little is known about their reproductive biology compared to other aspects of their bionomy. Among solitary bees, those that nest in the soil have had their reproductive behavior studied more thoroughly than those that nest in other substrates, such as in pre-existing cavities. This study aimed to provide unprecedented data on the reproductive behavior of three species of solitary bees: Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith, 1874, C. (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804), and Megachile (Ptilosarus) microsoma Cockerell, 1912. The first two species are well known regarding their nesting biology, but no data exists on their reproductive behavior. M. microsoma, on the other hand, has very little information available about its bionomy and nothing in known about its reproductive behavior. The bees were collected in the Amazon biome on Ilha do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, between 2021 and 2023 using trap nests. All species studied were protandrous and females mated only once. Centris analis had the longest copulation, while M. microsoma had the shortest. There are indications of diferente reproductive strategies among Centris species, which may be related to the theories of “Sexual Conflict” and the “Cryptic Female Choice”. In M. microsoma, certainmorphological peculiarities may be linked to the way the bee mates.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2025-05-25T00:00:00ZEfeito do brodifacoum na colonização da dipterofauna sarcossaprófaga durante processo de decomposição de carcaças de porco domésticohttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/297322026-07-22T03:00:14Z2025-07-30T00:00:00ZTitle: Efeito do brodifacoum na colonização da dipterofauna sarcossaprófaga durante processo de decomposição de carcaças de porco doméstico
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Oliveira, Rodrigo Gonçalves de
Advisor: Couri, Márcia Souto
Abstract: Entomotoxicology consists of the toxicological analysis of necrophagous insects with the aim of detecting toxic compounds in decomposing tissues, especially when human samples are unavailable. Sarcosaprophagous insects are widely employed in criminal investigations both to identify toxic substances and to assess their effects on larval development, contributing to the estimation of the minimum Postmortem Interval (PMI)—an essential tool in cases where bodies are found in an advanced state of decomposition, as frequently observed in suicides. According to high global incidence, suicide is considered a major public health issue, with poisoning accounting for approximately one-third of cases, often associated with the use of pesticides. In this context, this thesis aimed to investigate the sarcosaprophagous dipteran fauna associated with the decomposition of pig carcasses poisoned with brodifacoum, a rodenticide widely used in pest control. To this end, the dipteran fauna was identified and compared across all decomposition stages and experimental models. The results indicated that the lethal dose of brodifacoum did not prevent the attraction and oviposition of necrophagous dipterans, with the same species observed in both control and treated models. However, differences in relative abundance were found in groups treated with twice the lethal dose, which exhibited a lower number of individuals. Furthermore, the estimation of the minimum PMI based on accumulated degree days (ADD) demonstrated that the presence of supra-lethal doses of brodifacoum delayed colonization, resulting in an underestimation of the minimum PMI. Despite these delays, the estimated values remained within the expected range for the main species, supporting the use of entomofauna for forensic purposes even in cases involving anticoagulant poisoning.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2025-07-30T00:00:00Z