DSpace Community:http://hdl.handle.net/11422/142026-07-30T05:11:30Z2026-07-30T05:11:30ZConsolidação do centro de testagem e aconselhamento para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana no município de São João de Meriti: contribuições da enfermagem (1997-2005)http://hdl.handle.net/11422/298472026-07-29T14:42:32Z2026-04-15T00:00:00ZTitle: Consolidação do centro de testagem e aconselhamento para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana no município de São João de Meriti: contribuições da enfermagem (1997-2005)
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Augusto, Patrícia dos Santos
Advisor: Almeida Filho, Antonio José de
Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze the role of nursing in the process of consolidation of the Counseling and Testing Center (CTA) for HIV/AIDS in the municipality of São João de Meriti, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1997 and 2005. This is a historical-social study grounded in the perspective of the History of the Present Time, using written, iconographic, and oral documentary sources. The theoretical and methodological framework is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and symbolic capital, articulated with Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma, enabling an understanding of the meanings and symbolic effects of nursing practice in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The findings indicate that the consolidation of the CTA in São João de Meriti took place in a context marked by social inequalities, structural weaknesses in the public health system, and strong stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. In this scenario, nursing played a central role in organizing the service, expanding access to testing, providing counseling, and developing care practices grounded in welcoming, qualified listening, and comprehensive care. Nursing actions contributed to strengthening public health policies at the local level, promoting the decentralization of prevention and diagnostic strategies and fostering stronger bonds between users and health services. It is concluded that, throughout the consolidation process of the CTA/SJM, nursing accumulated symbolic capital and established itself as a strategic agent in the field of HIV/AIDS care, not only in technical and operational terms but also as a political and social actor. This study contributes to the preservation of the institutional memory of the CTA and to the historical recognition of nursing in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, highlighting its relevance in the construction of ethical, humanized, and socially committed care practices aligned with the principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2026-04-15T00:00:00ZRepresentações sociais das enfermeiras e médicas da atenção primária à saúde acerca da violência de gênero contra as mulhereshttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298372026-07-30T03:00:09Z2025-12-15T00:00:00ZTitle: Representações sociais das enfermeiras e médicas da atenção primária à saúde acerca da violência de gênero contra as mulheres
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Luana Christina Souza da
Advisor: Queiroz, Ana Beatriz Azevedo
Abstract: Introduction: The object of the study was the social representations of nurses and physicians regarding gender-based violence against women and its implications for the care of these women in the context of Primary Health Care. Objectives: To identify the contents and meanings that structure and organize the social representations about gender-based violence against women among nurses and physicians working in Primary Health Care; To characterize the strategies used by nurses and physicians in caring for women experiencing situations of gender-based violence; To discuss the implications of these social representations for care in the context of Primary Health Care for women experiencing gender-based violence; To propose strategies based on the social representations of nurses and physicians that contribute to improving care for women experiencing such violence. Methodology: This is a descriptive and exploratory study grounded in the Theory of Social Representations by Serge Moscovici, adopting both structural and processual approaches. A total of 100 professionals participated, including 50 nurses and 50 physicians working in Family Health Clinics in programmatic area 4.0 of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was conducted through a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire, the Free Word Association Test, and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire data were analyzed using simple frequency in Excel, while data from the test and interviews were processed through matrix analysis and descending hierarchical classification using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEq). The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Anna Nery School of Nursing, the São Francisco de Assis Health Care Institute, and the Municipal Health Secretariat, under opinion no. 6.142.502. Results: The majority of participants were between 25 and 34 years old, self-identified as white, Catholic, married with children, and held postgraduate degrees. Nurses predominantly worked 40 hours per week, while physicians worked either 20 or 40 hours. In the structural approach, machismo, prejudice, and justice emerged as the central core. Among nurses, an affective and evaluative positive dimension regarding their work emerged, considered rewarding, although also recognized as exhausting and stressful. The understanding of violence against women was associated with family experiences, and care was influenced by personal experiences. Among physicians, a positive evaluation of their work was also identified. Gender-based violence was anchored in intimate partner domestic violence, and the care provided was considered adequate despite difficulties, being guided by strategies built from their experiences. The triangulation of methods allowed the identification of representational fields for each group, highlighting their ways of understanding and acting in relation to the phenomenon. Based on the results, an interactive educational card was developed to support professional practice. Final considerations: It is therefore argued that violence against women is neither linear nor homogeneous and is part of the daily lives of nurses and physicians. Addressing this situation requires integrated strategies, continuous training, strengthening of support networks, public policies, and actions aimed at combating the structural roots of gender inequalities.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2025-12-15T00:00:00ZEfetividade da intervenção breve para o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre profissionais de enfermagem hospitalarhttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/298342026-07-30T03:00:09Z2026-02-09T00:00:00ZTitle: Efetividade da intervenção breve para o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre profissionais de enfermagem hospitalar
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Falcão, Livia Mendes
Advisor: Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner
Abstract: Introduction: The study focuses on the brief intervention for the consumption of psychoactive substances among hospital nursing professionals, based on evidence that it is necessary to detect early involvement of these professionals with psychoactive substances and intervene in order to minimize the consequences of abusive use, as nursing is considered a vulnerable category for the consumption of these substances. It is necessary to detect early the involvement of these professionals with psychoactive substances and to intervene, in order to minimize the consequences of abusive use, as nursing is considered a category vulnerable to the consumption of these substances. General aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of Brief Intervention for psychoactive substance use among hospital nursing professionals. Method: quasi-experimental. A sample of 264 nursing professionals from a public university hospital. A questionnaire was used to outline the socioeconomic, lifestyle, occupational, and health profile, and the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances Use Screening Instrument, with follow-up through brief interventions and Readiness Ruler for 6 months when moderate and high-risk consumption was identified. Results: The sample composed mostly of adults over 39 years old, predominantly non-white race and female sex, who lived with a partner, had children, watched streaming at home as their preferred leisure activity, and did not consume psychoactive substances during leisure. They were evenly distributed between nurses and nursing technicians, and most had completed postgraduate studies. The majority were permanent employees, with up to ten years of work at the institution, working daytime shifts, holding a single employment contract, in inpatient care sectors. They reported good health, rarely resorted to self-medication, and frequently reported emotional disorders and arterial hypertension. Alcohol, tobacco, and anxiolytics were the substances most experimented with over their lifetimes, and moderate/high-risk consumption was noted for tobacco, alcohol, sedatives, amphetamines, and marijuana. Even so, the prevalence of participants with moderate/high-risk consumption was considered low compared to the general population. Some characteristics were identified as protective factors, such as having religion; preferring cultural activities for leisure; having dual employment. Conversely, risk factors were understood to include: using psychoactive substances during leisure activities; preferring leisure activities in
bars/restaurants; working night shifts; and practicing self-medication. Following the implementation of Brief Intervention, behavioral changes were observed, reflected in a reduction in the frequency of use and the quantity consumed, including cases of cessation of consumption. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is affirmed that the research met its objectives and confirmed its hypotheses, corroborating the effectiveness of the brief intervention. The contribution of this thesis to the scientific field, professional practice, and the health of hospital nursing workers is highlighted, since in addition to outlining the socioeconomic, occupational, and health profile of these participants, the pattern of psychoactive substance use was identified, and the associations between the profiles and this pattern of use were analyzed. As a product of the thesis, educational material on the subject was developed and a reflective essay on the applicability of Dorothea Orem's Theory for brief intervention as a care-education technology. As for the limitations of the study, it is understood that conducting it in a single healthcare unit may affect its results.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2026-02-09T00:00:00ZDesenvolvimento de máscaras de tecido com elemento filtrante em celulose para resposta emergencial à Covid-19: acessibilidade e sustentabilidade em desastreshttp://hdl.handle.net/11422/297762026-07-23T16:45:33Z2025-03-13T00:00:00ZTitle: Desenvolvimento de máscaras de tecido com elemento filtrante em celulose para resposta emergencial à Covid-19: acessibilidade e sustentabilidade em desastres
Author(s)/Inventor(s): Risi, Lisandra Rodrigues
Advisor: Oliveira, Alexandre Barbosa de
Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed structural weaknesses in healthcare systems and the global supply chain, exacerbating shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially face masks. This scenario compromised the safety of healthcare professionals and the general population, demanding effective emergency solutions that were both accessible and sustainable. Understanding this phenomenon in light of Ulrich Beck's Risk Society Theory, this study proposed the development of an innovative fabric mask model with a cellulose filter element (LisLu20®), conceived as a technological alternative to mitigate the risks associated with the biological disaster of COVID-19. The research explored not only the technical feasibility of the mask, but also the social and environmental impacts of this innovation in a context of great vulnerability and scarcity. General Objective: To develop a fabric mask model with a cellulose filter element, aimed at citizens, healthcare professionals, and vulnerable communities, as a strategy to mitigate the impacts of the biological disaster of COVID-19. Specific Objectives: To describe the challenges faced in the context of shortages of medical and hospital supplies, considering the impacts on human safety, sustainability, and risk management; to analyze the development process and effectiveness of masks as a sustainable technological alternative for healthcare professionals and vulnerable populations; and to discuss the social adoption of this technology, its media repercussions, and its alignment with sustainable practices and disaster risk management strategies. Methodology: The study used action research as a central approach, integrating scientific investigation and practical problem-solving in a collaborative, dynamic, and collective process involving healthcare professionals, hospital managers, and researchers from various institutions. The research began with the conception and development of prototypes of the LisLu20® mask, followed by technical refinements based on empirical tests. Laboratory validation included air permeability and physical barrier efficiency tests, conducted at an institution certified by regulatory agencies. The process also involved registering the trademark and intellectual property of the developed model, as well as the dissemination and distribution of the masks and methods of their artisanal production, aiming at large-scale applicability. To capture qualitative perceptions from participants, the World Café dynamic was used, applied in two distinct contexts: (1) hospital, in which managers and health professionals evaluated the usability of the developed masks; and (2) community, where seamstresses and others responsible for the production process discussed the challenges and impacts of production. The participants' discourses were processed using the IRaMuTeQ software, allowing for a detailed lexical analysis and the identification of emerging categories in light of Beck's Risk Society Theory. Results: Laboratory tests demonstrated that the LisLu20® masks showed satisfactory effectiveness as a physical barrier against suspended particles, combining safety, breathability, and low cost. The receptiveness of health professionals was positive, highlighting the comfort and viability of the model in situations of PPE shortage. Analysis of social perception revealed the potential of technology as a viable alternative for managing health crises. Furthermore, the dissemination of the study on social media, events, academic websites, and in the press consolidated its pertinence and relevance as an innovative proposal in addressing the pandemic. Conclusions: The development of the LisLu20® mask proved to be an innovative, accessible, and sustainable solution, demonstrating applicability in both hospital response and community protection. Faced with the global shortage of PPE, the technology emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate risks in public health emergencies and biological disasters. The results reinforce the understanding that the pandemic was not only a health crisis but also a socio-technical and political phenomenon in which uncertainties and impacts were unequally distributed. The case of the mask shortage during COVID-19 illustrates this dynamic, demonstrating how dependence on global supply chains amplified vulnerabilities and reinforced inequalities in access to essential resources. Furthermore, the action-research strategies undertaken in this study attest to the importance of universities and collaborative networks for scientific production, as well as the relevance of developing local, low-cost, and socially engaged technologies to strengthen the resilience of populations in the face of global disasters and uncertainties.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Type: Tese2025-03-13T00:00:00Z