http://hdl.handle.net/11422/1 Inclui teses, dissertações e trabalhos de conclusão de mestrado profissional produzidos na UFRJ e/ou por autores da UFRJ. 2026-07-30T09:44:41Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29861 Title: Estudo de construções negativas do português do Brasil em enunciados de questões objetivas de concursos Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Maria José Dias Pinesso da Advisor: Maia, Marcus Antonio Rezende Abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of negative constructions in Portuguese present in the statements of exam questions. It aimed to investigate the gap in the analysis of negation in objective exam questions. An experimental methodology was used, employing eye tracking and analysis of a corpus of questions presented by exam boards. The study was developed in two stages. The first stage involved an experiment with eye tracking to verify how negative sentences were read compared to affirmative sentences. Online studies were conducted, with the reading of negative and affirmative sentences using the eye-tracking device, in order to verify the readers' gaze behavior, including eye movements such as regressions, fixations, and saccades during the reading of negative sentences, and subsequently compared with the reading of the same sentences in their affirmative versions. Based on the analysis of the differences observed in the readings, it was noticed that reading negative structures seemed more costly than reading affirmative structures. Bearing this in mind, the second stage involved analyzing exam questions with statements containing negative words to explore a possible relationship between the use of negative commands and the number of successful candidates. The intention was to investigate whether the higher processing cost of reading negative sentences could somehow interfere with the formulation of exam questions and the number of successful candidates. An analysis of questions from three exam boards was conducted through searches on the boards' websites (Vunesp, AOCP, and Publiconsult) and preparatory courses for competitive exams, as well as online interviews with members of the commissions. The results of the experiment in the first stage and the question analyses suggested that negative structures appear to have a higher linguistic processing cost, and therefore, the results obtained suggest that statements containing these structures may demand greater cognitive effort during reading processing. In this sense, the hypothesis arises that the use of such structures, in evaluative contexts, may influence the performance of candidates. However, this possibility should be interpreted with caution, since it is not a causal relationship directly tested in this study, but an exploratory inference that requires further investigation in future research. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese 2026-02-27T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29860 Title: An introduction to stochastic electrodynamics: motivations, foundations and applications Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Nathália de Abreu Costa da Advisor: Souza, Carlos Farina de Abstract: This dissertation presents an introduction to Stochastic Electrodynamics (SED), a theory that seeks to reinterpret quantum phenomena based on classical principles, postulating the existence of a classical electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) with a Lorentz-invariant energy spectrum. The central motivation is to investigate whether this stochastic classical field can be the origin of effects traditionally associated with quantization. The work is divided into three main parts. First, we trace the historical origin of the concept of zero-point energy, from the crisis of classical physics in the face of the blackbody radiation problem – with contributions from Planck, Einstein, Stern, among others – to its initial formulation. Next, we discuss the formal foundations of SED, constructing the zero-point field from Maxwell’s equations and establishing its attributes of randomness, spectrum, and Lorentz invariance. Finally, we present some applications of the theory, focusing on its ability to derive Planck’s spectrum for blackbody radiation and to predict dispersive forces, such as the Casimir force, from classical interactions between matter and the ZPF. We conclude the dissertation by assessing the current scope, extensions, and limitations of SED, highlighting it as a fertile alternative theoretical framework for understanding quantum phenomena. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Dissertação 2026-03-05T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29859 Title: Porque os homens fogem todos para a França e as mulheres é que tem de cavar as vinhas: uma análise sociolinguística e filológica de cartas de mulheres portuguesas do século XX Author(s)/Inventor(s): Craveiro, Pamela Mateus Advisor: Oliveira, Thiago Laurentino de Abstract: This dissertation presents a philological and sociolinguistic approach to letters written by Portuguese women in the 20th century, examining the second-person pronominal forms tu and você, as well as the graphematic phenomena found in the manuscripts. Based on a philological- linguistic perspective, the study acknowledges the issues surrounding authorship and authenticity, considering the presence of amanuenses and multiple hands in the letters. The corpus consists of 53 letters, totaling 362 occurrences of second-person pronouns, and the results suggest a predominance of tu (97.8%), while você occurred in only 2.2% of the data, confirming the hypothesis that, in European Portuguese, tu functions as a stable pattern within that speech community. However, although there is homogeneity in the preference for tu with regard to address pronouns, expressive divergences were observed in the graphematic dimension among the writers. In this sense, the results indicate traces of orality, possible dialectal features, and different levels of literacy among the letter writers. The quantitative analysis reveals that, although there is uniformity at the morphosyntactic level, the writing exhibits divergent linguistic behaviors. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of analyzing not only the morphosyntactic dimension but also aspects related to graphical traits, which may reveal linguistic behaviors that would not be captured within a single scope. Thus, the research contributes to a broader understanding of linguistic variation and feminine writing in European Portuguese of the 20th century. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Dissertação 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29858 Title: Influência de Estressores Associados às Mudanças Climáticas no Desenvolvimento Larval de Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida: Nereididae) Author(s)/Inventor(s): Fonseca, Lucas Alves da Advisor: Ruta, Christine Abstract: Changes in oceanic patterns driven by global climate change have especially affected the early life stages of marine organisms. Considering the scarcity of knowledge regarding the early development of annelids under the effects of climate change and their susceptibility, the present study aims to evaluate the isolated and synergistic effects of temperature and salinity on early development, survival, and the occurrence of morphological abnormalities in Platynereis dumerilii larvae. Three laboratory experiments were conducted: (i) salinity, with treatments of 35 (control), 30, and 25 at 18 °C; (ii) temperature, with treatments of 18 °C (control), 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C at a constant salinity of 35; and (iii) a synergistic experiment, with seven combinations between 18 °C and 35 °C and salinities of 35, 30, and 25. The larvae were obtained through spontaneous fertilizations synchronized with the lunar cycle. Larval development was monitored up to the nectochaete stage. The results indicated that moderate temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) accelerate development, while reduced salinities (25) cause significant delays and an increase in the incidence of morphological abnormalities. Exposure to 35 °C resulted in total mortality, suggesting a thermal limit for the species. In the combined treatments, moderate conditions favored development, while extreme combinations (35 °C/25) were lethal. The findings contribute to advancing knowledge on the responses of soft-bodied marine invertebrates to climate change, particularly within the phylum Annelida, an area still underexplored compared to studies on calcifying organisms and may serve as a reference for future experimental studies. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Dissertação 2025-07-18T00:00:00Z