http://hdl.handle.net/11422/2637 2026-04-28T09:33:55Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29075 Title: Mapeamento dos métodos diagnósticos baseados em inteligência artificial: uma abordagem inovativa aplicada à hanseníase no Brasil (2014-2024) Author(s)/Inventor(s): Guedes, Paulo Cesar Pieroni Advisor: Morel, Carlos Medicis Abstract: Leprosy remains a global public health challenge, with approximately 200,000 new cases detected annually, and Brazil is among the most affected countries. Despite advances in disease control, factors such as limited access to diagnosis, reliance on subjective clinical exams, and difficulties in contact tracing result in significant underreporting. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a promising alternative to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce detection time, and expand access to early diagnosis. However, its implementation faces methodological, regulatory, and structural challenges, requiring greater integration between science, innovation, and public policies. Although AI is transforming the diagnosis of several dermatological diseases, its application in leprosy is still in its infancy. The literature lacks in-depth studies on its feasibility and implementation, making it difficult to formulate guidelines for its clinical and epidemiological application. This research aims to fill this gap by analyzing how AI can contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy, expanding access to reliable tests, and supporting strategic recommendations for its incorporation into public policies. To this end, a Framework with an Innovative Approach (FAI) is proposed to map advances in early diagnostic methods for leprosy using AI (2014-2024). The study integrates three complementary approaches: scientific network analysis, technological patent prospecting, and public policy evaluation. This framework allows us to understand the relationship between academic production, technological innovation, and policy formulation for leprosy, providing strategic recommendations based on evidence. The research used data triangulation, combining scientific network analysis (VOSviewer, Gephi), technological prospecting (ORBIT Intelligence), and public policy evaluation (VantagePoint), allowing us to map trends and provide strategic recommendations. Unlike previous studies, this approach allows us to integrate academic knowledge, technological innovation, and government guidelines into a single analytical framework. The results indicate fragmentation in scientific collaboration on leprosy, with a strong dependence on a few hubs, which limits the dissemination of knowledge. The technological prospecting revealed the absence of Brazilian patents in the area, evidencing the disconnect between research and innovation. In addition, political guidelines still do not fully incorporate the potential of AI, reinforcing the need for greater alignment between science, technology and public policies to ensure its effective application. The research highlights the urgency of strengthening the interaction between science, innovation and public policies to optimize the use of AI in leprosy diagnosis. The FAI provides viable strategic recommendations to overcome structural challenges and stimulate the formulation of guidelines that encourage technological development and the modernization of leprosy control strategies. In addition, the findings of this thesis can serve as a methodological model for the application of AI in other neglected diseases, expanding the impact of this research in the field of global public health. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese 2025-02-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28407 Title: O desenvolvimento de políticas industriais sistêmicas na área de energia: uma análise a partir das políticas implementadas para a expansão da capacidade de geração de energia eólica no Brasil Author(s)/Inventor(s): Araújo, Bruno Plattek de Advisor: Matos, Marcelo Gerson Pessoa de Abstract: Industrial policies are a central theme in the debate on the development agenda. In the 21st century, industrial policies should be part of the development strategies aimed at addressing the climate emergency, generating jobs and income, and reducing poverty and inequality. In this context, the development of wind energy stands out as one of the cases of industrial policies implemented over the past two decades in Brazil that yielded significant results for industry development. For this reason, and because it focuses on the development of a renewable energy, this experience is particularly relevant for advancing the debate on designing industrial policies in the energy sector. Based on the theoretical framework of innovation systems, this thesis developed an analytical model that organizes the main dimensions to be considered in the process of structuring systemic industrial policies. Using this model, the thesis analyzed two decades of implementation of Brazil’s wind energy industrial policy. The analysis covered the global and local wind industry dynamics, the development experiences of wind industry in the United States of America (USA) and China, and the policies implemented in Brazil. These policies were organized into three categories: market formation policies for wind power generation (Proinfa, energy auctions, and the free energy market), investment financing policies for energy generation (BNDES financing for energy infrastructure and its local content policy), and innovation and supply chain financing policies (Program R&D Aneel, BNDES financing for the industry, and Finep funding for innovation). The results indicate that Brazil’s wind industrial policy was demand-led and evolved through three distinct phases: an initial learning phase from 2002 to 2009, an acceleration phase of industrial development from 2009 to 2016, and a transition phase marked by a shift from energy demand driven by auctions to the free market, alongside a crisis in the wind turbine supply chain in 2024. Each phase had distinct impacts on the wind turbine supply chain. The thesis concludes that, particularly in its second phase, the wind industrial policy was successful in attracting investments in wind power generation and fostering a local supply chain, including the diversification of established industries into the wind sector. However, throughout the entire policy cycle, it was characterized by the limited inclusion of domestic companies in the strategic segments of the supply chain, such as wind turbine manufacturing. The management of wind turbine demand and the policy’s ability to foster cooperation among the actors in the National Innovation System were crucial factors in the outcomes achieved. Among the recommendations for future industrial policies in the energy sector, the thesis highlights the importance of adopting a systemic approach guided by national challenges. This approach should integrate the coordination of demand for goods and services with financing policies for industry and innovation. Furthermore, it is recommended to strengthen the innovative capabilities of public organizations responsible for policy execution. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese 2025-02-11T00:00:00Z