http://hdl.handle.net/11422/25454 Wed, 29 Apr 2026 13:27:36 GMT 2026-04-29T13:27:36Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27794 Title: Diagnóstico diferencial entre transtorno do espectro autista e outros transtornos psiquiátricos em adultos Author(s)/Inventor(s): Pinto, Leonardo Siqueira de Araújo Advisor: Caldas, Nelson Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, typically present from early childhood. It was not until 1980 that autism was recognized as an independent entity within neurodevelopmental disorders, shifting away from being classified as a psychotic manifestation, as it was previouslyknown. Following this change, many individuals within the autistic spectrum were identified in adulthood, often above 20 years of age, without appropriate diagnosis or treatment. While healthcare and educational services for children with ASD are well-established, services tailored for adults with ASD are still under development. In this regard, there is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on ASD in adults, particularly those addressing the identification of comorbidities, rigorous clinical treatments (both pharmacological and psychosocial), new pharmacotherapies, and the dynamics of transition and aging within the autistic spectrum. Therefore, the present study aims to review the available evidence on the diagnosis and management of adults with ASD, considering the necessary components for accurate identification and assessment. It is important to emphasize that, regardless of any comorbid diagnoses, healthcare professionals must possess a comprehensive understanding of the core symptoms of autism. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Trabalho de conclusão de especialização Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27794 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27793 Title: Mitos e verdades das interações alimentares da tranilcipromina com a tiramina Author(s)/Inventor(s): Magalhães, Francini de Souza Advisor: Fiszman, Adriana Abstract: The interaction between tranylcypromine and tyramine is often surrounded by myths and misinformation, leading to excessive dietary restrictions in patients using monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). This review examines the scientific evidence regarding this interaction and highlights the importance of tranylcypromine as an effective treatment for ntreatment-resistant depression. The findings demonstrate that hypertensive reactions caused by tyramine ingestion are mostly mild and self-limited, not requiring immediate pharmacological intervention. Furthermore, the review shows that the dietary restrictions recommended for patients on MAOIs are, in most cases, unnecessary, as many foods, when properly prepared, do not pose a significant risk. The analysis also reveals that the concurrent use of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and nortriptyline can attenuate tyramine's effects on blood pressure. Misinformation about the interaction between tranylcypromine and tyramine contributes to the underuse of this effective medication. Therefore, a more balanced and individualized approach to dietary management in patients on tranylcypromine treatment is crucial, as well as updating clinical guidelines based on the latest evidence. Promoting effective communication between doctors and patients is also emphasized as a key factor in ensuring treatment adherence and improving patients' quality of life. The work concludes with a recommendation for further clinical studies to better explore the relationship between tranylcypromine and tyramine in different contexts and populations. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Trabalho de conclusão de especialização Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27793 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27792 Title: As crises não epilépticas funcionais como expressão clínica do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático complexo Author(s)/Inventor(s): Rodrigues, Alexandre Medeiros Fernandes Advisor: Fiszman, Adriana Abstract: Hysteria, situated at the delicate intersection between psyche and soma, remains a relevant phenomenon in understanding psychosomatic manifestations. Historically linked to the concept of hysteria, Functional Non-Epileptic Seizures (FNES) are a subtype of functional neurological disorder characterized by events resembling seizures but not associated with the electrophysiological abnormalities of epilepsy. This disorder illustrates the interplay between complex trauma and physical manifestations. This study examined the relationship between FNES and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), emphasizing the central role of complex trauma in the pathogenesis of these conditions. The growing understanding of FNES is closely tied to research on complex trauma, particularly the pioneering work of Judith Herman on C-PTSD. Herman's perspective highlights the profound psychological effects caused by prolonged and repeated exposure to interpersonal trauma, including alterations in affect regulation, self-perception, and patterns of interpersonal relationships. These changes align with the diagnostic criteria recently proposed by the ICD-11 for C-PTSD. The inclusion of C-PTSD as a distinct diagnostic entity in the ICD-11 marks a milestone for psychotraumatology. This recognition reflects a deeper understanding among researchers of the debilitating impacts of complex trauma, which manifest in both psychological and physical symptoms. Conceptual differences between diagnostic systems have been noted, particularly regarding the classification of conversion and dissociative symptoms. While the ICD-11 categorizes these symptoms as part of dissociative disorders, the DSM-5 treats them as distinct categories. These divergences underscore the need for further studies, given their significance for diagnosis, treatment, and patient quality of life. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Trabalho de conclusão de especialização Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27792 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27791 Title: Eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT) em perspectiva: uma pesquisa de opinião entre psiquiatras formados pelo SPPM-HUCFF-UFRJ Author(s)/Inventor(s): Cunha, Allan Lopes Marinho Advisor: Nascimento, Antonio Leandro Abstract: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective and safe treatment for individuals with severe mental disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia, among others. However, despite its efficacy, ECT faces stigma and misinformation, exacerbated by negative media portrayals. This study investigated the perceptions of psychiatrists who trained at the Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Service at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (HUCFF) and third-year psychiatry residents from the same service regarding ECT, using an online questionnaire. Of the 34 eligible psychiatrists, 33 responded, showing a significant shift in opinions on ECT throughout their academic training. Before medical school, 75.8% of participants had no opinion on ECT. Between graduation and the start of their medical residency, 21 participants (63.6%) were favorable, 1 (3.0%) was opposed, and 11 (33.3%) remained neutral. After residency, 32 participants (97%) expressed a favorable view of the treatment. These results indicate that practical experience and theoretical education are essential to demystifying ECT and increasing its acceptance among healthcare professionals. Additionally, the growing use of ECT outside of residency reflects evolving attitudes toward the treatment, highlighting an acknowledgment of the need for effective therapeutic approaches for patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders who do not adequately respond to conventional therapies. However, the study also highlighted that pressure from other healthcare professionals can negatively influence the decision to recommend ECT, underscoring the importance of increased interprofessional collaboration and ongoing education on this topic. The conclusions point to the need for curricular revisions in medical education and the implementation of public policies that promote evidence-based education, aimed not only at destigmatizing ECT but also at accepting it as a valid therapeutic option. Thus, it is concluded that robust education and destigmatization are essential to expanding the use of ECT and improving access to this vital treatment for patients in need of effective interventions on their recovery journeys. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Trabalho de conclusão de especialização Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/27791 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z