http://hdl.handle.net/11422/2637 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 04:21:58 GMT 2026-07-30T04:21:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29692 Title: Transição energética de baixo carbono em países dependentes do carvão: uma análise comparativa entre Alemanha, China e Índia Author(s)/Inventor(s): Kagueyama, Ellen Akina Advisor: Mathias, João Felippe Cury Marinho Abstract: The low-carbon energy transition represents one of the main contemporary challenges, as it requires changes that go beyond technological transformations, encompassing economic, social, and political dimensions. In this context, the present research aims to investigate the public policies and the set of instruments shaping the energy transition policies of Germany, China, and India—countries that historically share a significant dependence on coal in their energy matrices. The comparative analysis seeks to understand how different economic, social, and technological contexts influence the energy transition trajectories of these countries. The main contribution of this thesis lies in the development of an analytical framework that interprets different low-carbon energy transition processes, considering their political, institutional, and socioeconomic dimensions. By integrating the TIS (Technological Innovation System) and Policy Mix approaches, this framework provides a lens to evaluate how public policies, and their instruments can be designed to enhance technological innovation functions and promote the alignment of multiple interests within complex systems. The findings indicate that energy transition depends not only on technological advances but also on institutional and social rearrangements capable of fostering sustainability, energy security, and accessibility. The experiences of Germany, China, and India offer valuable lessons on the factors that enhance or constrain the effectiveness of public policies. It is highlighted that an effective energy transition requires not only economic incentives but also the strengthening of institutions and the engagement of diverse social actors, especially in emerging economies. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29692 2025-02-10T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29631 Title: Indústria farmacêutica e acesso a medicamentos: estratégias de patenteamento, registro e preço de medicamentos adquiridos por judicialização entre 2017-2021 Author(s)/Inventor(s): Silva, Lorena Abbas da Advisor: Paranhos, Julia Abstract: This thesis investigates whether pharmaceutical companies adopt strategies related to patent applications, registration, and pricing to achieve profitable sales of medicines – particularly those requested in lawsuits – to the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS, in Portuguese). The research analyzed the public procurement of 30 active pharmaceutical ingredients by the Department of Health Logistics under the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DLOG/SE/MS, in Portuguese) between 2017 and 2021. The analysis focused on 19 active pharmaceutical ingredients with patents considered constraining in Brazil. The central hypothesis suggests that foreign pharmaceutical companies employ coordinated strategies to guarantee exclusive sales to the Ministry of Health, leveraging the judicialization of access to medicines. The methodology involved a retrospective analysis of timelines for patent applications, product registration, and pricing approvals with the relevant Brazilian institutions. This analysis was correlated with the amounts paid by the Ministry of Health, as well as other product characteristics, including registration with international regulatory agencies, requests for evaluation by the National Commission for the Incorporation of Technologies in the National Health System (CONITEC, in Portuguese), and the national regulatory framework. The findings revealed that medicines associated with the highest costs often experienced the longest delays between key regulatory events, suggesting deliberate postponement strategies by the companies. These delays allowed products already available on the international market to be sold in Brazil, by judicial decisions, bypassing standard regulatory procedures. Additionally, the research found that even in cases where purchases were made after obtaining regulatory approval from the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA, in Portuguese) and the maximum price definitions by the Drug Market Regulation Chamber (CMED, in Portuguese), public procurement often occurred under pricing conditions that conflicted with the public interest. The findings of the thesis can inform policies aimed at enhancing regulatory integration, optimizing the public procurement of medicines, and strengthening the innovative capacity of Brazil's pharmaceutical industry. These measures seek to ensure the financial sustainability of the National Health System (SUS, in Portuguese) and equitable access to medicines. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29631 2025-02-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29348 Title: A China e a zona de alcance Author(s)/Inventor(s): Lobato, André de Vasconcelos Costa Advisor: Morel, Carlos Medicis Abstract: This work studies the development of China's science and technology system with an emphasis on the institution of genetics in Beijing. It does so in the context of the global history of divergence and convergence theories, with elements of comparison with the Brazilian case. To this end, it makes a broad theoretical review of science and development, including Marx, Kuhn, Schumpeter, McLuhan and Milton Santos. From there, it proposes analytical lenses for understanding the Chinese case in the context of globalization. Data analysis deals with science and technology plans and the evolution of the country's innovation system. Based on interviews, field visits and literature studies, he answers the initial questions of the doctoral project – about the emergence of the multinational genetic sequencing company BGI – and proposes concepts that contribute to studies on China and globalization and biotechnology. The main concept proposed is the term "Range Zone", which is visualized in a system of governance action, scientific capacities and access to markets, and in a system of digital and genetic objects. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Wed, 26 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29348 2025-02-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29075 Title: Mapeamento dos métodos diagnósticos baseados em inteligência artificial: uma abordagem inovativa aplicada à hanseníase no Brasil (2014-2024) Author(s)/Inventor(s): Guedes, Paulo Cesar Pieroni Advisor: Morel, Carlos Medicis Abstract: Leprosy remains a global public health challenge, with approximately 200,000 new cases detected annually, and Brazil is among the most affected countries. Despite advances in disease control, factors such as limited access to diagnosis, reliance on subjective clinical exams, and difficulties in contact tracing result in significant underreporting. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a promising alternative to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce detection time, and expand access to early diagnosis. However, its implementation faces methodological, regulatory, and structural challenges, requiring greater integration between science, innovation, and public policies. Although AI is transforming the diagnosis of several dermatological diseases, its application in leprosy is still in its infancy. The literature lacks in-depth studies on its feasibility and implementation, making it difficult to formulate guidelines for its clinical and epidemiological application. This research aims to fill this gap by analyzing how AI can contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy, expanding access to reliable tests, and supporting strategic recommendations for its incorporation into public policies. To this end, a Framework with an Innovative Approach (FAI) is proposed to map advances in early diagnostic methods for leprosy using AI (2014-2024). The study integrates three complementary approaches: scientific network analysis, technological patent prospecting, and public policy evaluation. This framework allows us to understand the relationship between academic production, technological innovation, and policy formulation for leprosy, providing strategic recommendations based on evidence. The research used data triangulation, combining scientific network analysis (VOSviewer, Gephi), technological prospecting (ORBIT Intelligence), and public policy evaluation (VantagePoint), allowing us to map trends and provide strategic recommendations. Unlike previous studies, this approach allows us to integrate academic knowledge, technological innovation, and government guidelines into a single analytical framework. The results indicate fragmentation in scientific collaboration on leprosy, with a strong dependence on a few hubs, which limits the dissemination of knowledge. The technological prospecting revealed the absence of Brazilian patents in the area, evidencing the disconnect between research and innovation. In addition, political guidelines still do not fully incorporate the potential of AI, reinforcing the need for greater alignment between science, technology and public policies to ensure its effective application. The research highlights the urgency of strengthening the interaction between science, innovation and public policies to optimize the use of AI in leprosy diagnosis. The FAI provides viable strategic recommendations to overcome structural challenges and stimulate the formulation of guidelines that encourage technological development and the modernization of leprosy control strategies. In addition, the findings of this thesis can serve as a methodological model for the application of AI in other neglected diseases, expanding the impact of this research in the field of global public health. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29075 2025-02-24T00:00:00Z