http://hdl.handle.net/11422/49 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 07:15:38 GMT 2026-04-07T07:15:38Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28609 Title: Alterações respiratórias em crianças expostas à poeira de resíduos de mineração após o desastre do rompimento da barragem do Córrego do Feijão em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais: um estudo de coorte - Projeto Bruminha Author(s)/Inventor(s): Santos, Renan Duarte dos Advisor: Asmus, Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes Abstract: Following the Brumadinho dam collapse, a new superficial soil layer composed of dried mining tailings was formed, from which fine particles such as dust can disperse, representing a potential risk of inhalation exposure for children. This study assessed possible respiratory outcomes between 2021 and 2023 among children aged 0–6 years living in three communities affected by mining tailings dust (exposed group) and in one non-exposed community (non exposed group). Three study designs were conducted: two cross-sectional studies (in 2021 and between 2021 and 2023) and a cohort study following the same children over time. Data were collected through questionnaires addressing sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, as well as reported respiratory conditions. In the 2021 cross-sectional study, children residing in dust-exposed communities had 3.6 times higher odds of respiratory allergies (adjusted OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.37–9.57) compared with non-exposed children. In the second cross-sectional study (2021–2023), a significant increase (p = 0.001) was observed in upper and lower airway conditions, respiratory symptoms, and respiratory allergies among the total number of children evaluated over the three-year period. In the cohort analysis (2021–2023), children in the exposed group showed increasing trends in lower airway conditions (p = 0.014), upper airway conditions (p = 0.050), and respiratory symptoms (p = 0.031). Among children whose families reported higher dust presence, increased vehicle traffic, and more frequent household cleaning, an increasing trend was also observed in lower airway conditions (p = 0.008; p = 0.019; p = 0.016), upper airway conditions (p = 0.048), and respiratory symptoms (p = 0.049), respectively. The risk of lower airway conditions was 1.61 times higher among dust-exposed children (RR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.03–2.51; p = 0.036) compared with non-exposed children. Longer exposure duration was associated with a 1.44 fold increase in the risk of lower airway conditions (RR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09–1.91; p = 0.010) and a 1.10-fold increase in the risk of reported respiratory symptoms (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19; p = 0.010). Increasing age was positively associated with the risk of upper airway conditions (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02; p = 0.001) and respiratory allergies (RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.02; p = 0.046). These findings provide relevant evidence to support the strengthening of healthcare services organization and health surveillance in communities located near mining areas and potentially exposed to tailings dust across different regions of Brazil. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Thu, 11 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28609 2025-12-11T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28606 Title: Associação entre raça/cor e exposição à violência em adolescentes brasileiros estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental residentes nas capitais e no distrito federal: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2009-2019) Author(s)/Inventor(s): Matos, Matheus Santos Advisor: Souza, Amanda de Moura Abstract: Introduction: Violence is a multi-causal phenomenon, and adolescents constitute a priority group for the prevention of this condition. Racism, a form of violence, shapes social relations and, through them, imposes structural inequalities in Brazilian society. Objective: To analyze the association between race/color and the prevalence of violence exposure among Brazilian adolescent schoolchildren residing in capital cities and the Federal District, who were in the 9th grade of elementary school when they participated in the National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE), conducted across four editions from 2009 to 2019. Methods: This is a temporal trend analysis based on repeated cross-sectional studies involving 132,915 adolescents attending the 9th grade of elementary school. For this analysis, secondary data from the four editions of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE), conducted in 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019, were used. The exposure considered in the study was self-reported race/color, and the outcome was having missed classes due to feeling unsafe on the way home-school/school-home or at school in the last 30 days. The association between exposure and outcome was estimated using a multiple logistic regression model. All analyses were performed in R and accounted for sample weights and the design effect. Results: The sample was composed mostly of female school adolescents who reported living with both their father and mother, belonged to the 13–15 age group, and were enrolled in public schools. Across the editions, the proportion of students who self-identified as black and brown increased. The proportion of students who reported having missed classes because they felt unsafe on the route home-school/school-home or at school increased, with an average annual variation of 1.2% (CI95% = 1.1-1.4). The increase in the prevalence of exposure to violence occurred independently of the student's race/color, with a similar average annual growth across racial strata. The chance of students who self-declared as black and brown missing classes due to insecurity was greater than among students who self-declared as white in all years, with the exception of 2019. After adjustment, the association remained significant only among students who self-identified as black. In this stratum, the chance of exposure to violence showed an increasing trend until 2015, being 32% higher in that year when compared to the chance among students who self-declared as white. Similar patterns were found when the analyses were stratified by sex. Conclusion: Self-declared black and brown adolescents had a higher odds of missing classes due to insecurity in the commute (home-school and school-home) or at school. Racial discrimination plays a fundamental role in this association, given that the differences between self declared black and white students remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Dissertação Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28606 2025-11-26T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28469 Title: Desmatamento, agrotóxicos e intoxicações exógenas: uma abordagem do antropoceno brasileiro Author(s)/Inventor(s): Lima, Thiago Felipe Melo de Advisor: Brito, Alexandre dos Santos Abstract: Land cover change is one of the main indicators of the Anthropocene. In Brazil, this conversion, driven by the search for land for agriculture, is a continuous process. Based on the Green Revolution, this is an important sector of the Brazilian economy that generates wealth for a part of the population. However, all this prosperity has great environmental and social costs, the use of pesticides and health problems are examples of these costs. In this work, we analyze three stages of this chain of events: changes in land cover, consumption of pesticides and exogenous poisoning, in addition to their connections. Land cover data was obtained from the MapBiomas database, pesticides annual reports data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) database and health data from the National Disease Notification System (SINAN). Starting with an ecological time-series study, environmental and health indicators were built, based on the Federation Units and their year-on-year variations. Despite government efforts, deforestation has never stopped or been reversed; in forty years we have converted an area the size of Chile. All this combined with a significant increase in the consumption of pesticides, with glyphosate, the main product sold, losing space in the total percentage. In addition to positive associations between pesticides and exogenous poisoning in four of the nine states surveyed. The results present a country that still places the development of its agriculture above the well-being of its population and its environment. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28469 2025-09-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28468 Title: Análise de redes em ambiente virtual: relações entre comportamento alimentar, religiosidade, espiritualidade e florescimento humano Author(s)/Inventor(s): Matos, Raquel Zacarias dos Pilares Advisor: Mello, Márcia Gomide da Silva Abstract: Social network analysis (SNA) is a theoretical, multidisciplinary approach commonly used to study the interactions of individuals within their personal, professional, and behavioral contexts. Networks can be “invisible,” spontaneous, informal, and unplanned—emerging from social interactions—or they may be formal in nature. The flow of information within virtual spaces, such as Instagram, facilitates connections among people and their interests, serving as an important tool for accessing health related information. Food and the act of eating carry deep meanings; although eating is a physiological necessity, it is equally influenced by the environment and the society in which an individual lives, including the organization, structure, production, and distribution of food. Over time, it has become evident that the impact of individual nutrients is increasingly insufficient to explain the relationship between diet and health. Science recognizes that Religiosity/Spirituality affects physical and mental health, and there is a growing acknowledgment among clinical and scientific entities of the need to address this topic in clinical practice. There are situations in which dietary practices are intrinsically linked to religious contexts, influencing the production, consumption, and even acceptance of certain foods. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible relationship between Religiosity, Spirituality, and Human Flourishing in eating behavior and its connection with well-being. This investigation was divided into two phases: the first phase consisted of a theoretical foundation through the analysis of information produced within this field of knowledge, aiming to systematize and assess the state of the art on the topic. The expanded literature review resulted in 96 articles. The second phase of the study was based on Social Network Analysis Theory, with a practical approach involving data collection on social media, drawn from people’s everyday lives in their search for information, seeking to identify their interrelationships with eating behaviors and habits. The resulting network consisted of five clusters, each organized around a central thematic node. The theme “Spirituality” exhibited the highest degree centrality and the highest in-degree. The themes Spirituality, Religiosity, and Human Flourishing share a common field of interaction in the digital environment, with food and nutrition frequently associated with well-being and holistic care. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28468 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z