http://hdl.handle.net/11422/80 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 21:18:47 GMT 2026-04-07T21:18:47Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29025 Title: Três décadas de atraso na gestão de resíduos sólidos : conflitos socioambientais e mediação de interesses na construção da política nacional de resíduos sólidos (1989-2024) Author(s)/Inventor(s): Morais, Karine Tavares Advisor: Quintslr, Suya Abstract: This research seeks to analyze the construction of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) based on the study of legitimization, processing, elaboration, approval and execution of law 12.305/10 and its decrees after 19 years of socio-environmental conflicts in the Brazilian National Congress. The objective is to identify the relationship between the characteristics that formed the PNRS based on the sociopolitical determinants and economic interests that have been present in two decades of legislative resolutions to date. For this purpose, we recomposed the history of the PNRS processing in the Federal Congress with the support of field research with the mapped actors. The aim was to understand how a law goes through a long period of time for approval without resulting in satisfactory regulations regarding better management of Brazilian solid waste. Next, we examine whether the sectors responsible for the legal determination known as shared responsibility are responding to legal determinations given the importance of a law that will soon complete 15 years of its approval. In view of this, the aim is to identify and characterize the socio environmental conflicts embedded in the legal obligation of the PNRS, in view of the economic interests of the industrial sector and, notably, how such conflicts streamline or hinder decision – making between the Public Power and business representation entities. Finally, we delve into the factors that the policy to be approved in 2010 would be immersed in and how the years of processing the law shaped these aspects, namely: the regional issue, planar issues, the organizational field of solid waste in the country and the on going dispute over incineration. The investigation is based on documentary and field research, through which it was possible to investigate the processes of legitimizing the waste problem as a socio-environmental problem, and the preparation and approval of the PNRS, understanding how some of the environmental conflicts surrounding waste management determined the final wording of the policy. Likewise, generators or representative sectors resist the responsibility of bearing the burden of Reverse Logistics without compensation from the public sector. The central role og the Ministry of the Environment can be seen in mediating between economic agents and institutions representing the segments involved with the effective implementation of the main guidelines of 12.305/10, decrees, related standards and their updates. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/29025 2025-08-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28987 Title: Malha Regional Sudeste e Barra do Piraí : a gestão privatizante da ferrovia e a sujeição do território Author(s)/Inventor(s): Alves, Jéssica de Fátima Rossone Advisor: Werner, Deborah Abstract: In light of the Critique of Political Economy, this research addresses Brazilian railways by understanding them as autonomous fixed capital, highlighting the relationship between railway infrastructure management and capital accumulation and its unfolding in the territory. It investigates the implications of transport production on these railways in the twenty-first century and indicates the role of logistics as a science that organizes railway operations in Brazil and the territories along their infrastructure within an unsustainable model of socio-political-territorial development. The study examines, debates, and questions the privatizing management of the Southeast Regional Network (Malha Regional Sudeste), which corresponds to the first 30 years of concession of this infrastructure (1996–2026), focusing on the process of early concession renewal authorized in 2022, whose related investments have 2026 as their deadline. Based on literature review and multiple research approaches—including documentary research, in loco observation, action research, and participant observation—it investigates how public authorities have restricted their role in relation to railway infrastructure and its territories of influence. The research also questions the hegemonic principles shaping socio-spatial configurations in these territories, disputing the railway as a potentially emancipatory infrastructure. The case of Barra do Piraí (Rio de Janeiro), a key railway junction, illustrates the local impacts of this management model, revealing conflicts arising from the territorial control exercised along the railway line. The findings indicate that infrastructure management has produced conditions of deregulation that intensify with the concession renewal process, reflecting broader dynamics of financialization and the regionalization of infrastructure investments aimed at attracting private capital. In this context, the management model conditions territorial governance and contributes to the subordination of the local scale to the global one. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28987 2026-03-12T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28950 Title: A política da lama: estratégias empresariais de gestão da crítica em contexto de desastres de mineração em Minas Gerais Author(s)/Inventor(s): Vitti, Gustavo Schiavinatto Advisor: Acselrad, Henri Abstract: In the second decade of the 21st century, Brazil faced two major mining disasters in the state of Minas Gerais: the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam (2015), owned by Samarco, a joint venture between Vale and BHP Billiton, and the collapse of tailings dam I (2019), owned by Vale. Both failures caused profound social, economic, and environmental impacts, as well as loss of life and territorial transformations. These disasters triggered complex reparation processes involving companies, state structures, judicial institutions, social movements, and affected communities. This research analyzes corporate strategies for managing criticism in these two disasters, seeking to identify how companies acted to influence public debate, silence, capture, and manage critical voices, and manage conflicts in the affected territories. The study adopts the period between 2015 and 2023 as its temporal scope and is based on the premise that disasters are not ruptures of order but rather structural expressions of the extractive model. The investigation mobilizes the notion of “learning” to observe how corporate practices are reconfigured throughout the course of the two disasters. The research methodology combined document analysis, literature review, and participant observation in activities related to both disasters, as well as semi-structured interviews with affected individuals, social organizations, and technical advisory bodies. The results indicate that corporate strategies for managing criticism are organized into three dimensions: one focused on building agreements and governance structures; practices aimed at circumventing critical aspects not covered by agreements, mobilizing legal and scientific arguments; and practices directed at community management, involving actions such as mapping critical actors, private social investment, and mechanisms of co-optation, community fragmentation, surveillance, repression, and territorial control. It is concluded that these strategies are adaptive and context-specific, guided by the logic of cost reduction, asset maintenance, and the pursuit of legal security. Such practices reveal a hybrid regime of criticism management that combines mechanisms of legitimation and coercion. By shedding light on these strategies, the thesis contributes to understanding power dynamics in the context of mining disasters in Brazil.; Au cours de la deuxième décennie du XXIe siècle, le Brésil a été confronté à deux grandes catastrophes minières dans l’État de Minas Gerais : la rupture du barrage de résidus de Fundão (2015), propriété de Samarco, coentreprise entre Vale et BHP Billiton, et la rupture du barrage de résidus I (2019), appartenant à Vale. Ces ruptures ont entraîné des impacts sociaux, économiques et environnementaux profonds, ainsi que des pertes humaines et des transformations territoriales. Les catastrophes ont impliqué des processus complexes de réparation, incluant des entreprises, des structures étatiques, des institutions judiciaires, des mouvements sociaux et des communautés affectées. Cette recherche analyse les stratégies entrepreneuriales de gestion de la critique dans ces deux catastrophes, en cherchant à identifier comment les entreprises ont agi pour influencer le débat public, neutraliser et capter les voix critiques, et gérer les conflits dans les territoires affectés. Le cadre temporel adopté couvre la période de 2015 à 2023 et repose sur la prémisse que les catastrophes ne constituent pas une rupture de l’ordre, mais l’expression structurelle du modèle extractif minier. L’enquête mobilise la notion d’« apprentissage » afin d’observer comment les pratiques des entreprises se reconfigurent au cours des deux catastrophes. La méthodologie de la recherche s’est appuyée sur une combinaison d’analyse documentaire, de revue bibliographique et d’observation participante lors d’activités liées aux deux catastrophes, ainsi que sur des entretiens semi-directifs avec des personnes affectées, des organisations sociales et des services d’assistance technique. Les résultats indiquent que les stratégies entrepreneuriales de gestion de la critique s’organisent en trois dimensions : l’une axée sur la construction des accords et des structures de gouvernance ; des pratiques visant à contourner les aspects critiques non couverts par les accords, mobilisant des arguments juridiques et scientifiques ; et des pratiques orientées vers la gestion des communautés, impliquant des actions de cartographie des acteurs critiques, des investissements sociaux privés, ainsi que des mécanismes de cooptation, de fragmentation communautaire, de surveillance, de répression et de contrôle territorial. Il en ressort que ces stratégies sont adaptatives et situées, guidées par la logique de réduction des coûts, de maintien des actifs et de garantie de la sécurité juridique. Ces pratiques révèlent un régime hybride de gestion de la critique, combinant des mécanismes de légitimation et de coercition. En mettant en évidence ces stratégies, la thèse contribue à la compréhension des dynamiques de pouvoir dans les contextes des catastrophes minières au Brésil. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28950 2025-12-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28819 Title: A cidade em disputa : conflitos em torno da apropriação do espaço urbano por pessoas em situação de rua Author(s)/Inventor(s): Freitas, Beatriz Terra Advisor: Santos Júnior, Orlando Alves dos Abstract: This research analyzes the forms of appropriation of urban space by the homeless population, understanding them as unstable processes, marked by a permanent dynamic of deterritorialization and territorialization, and how the dimension of conflict contributes to this. The study is based on readings on the topic, analysis of public policies, a survey of articles from O Globo newspaper, and fieldwork in downtown Rio de Janeiro, seeking to understand how this population circulates, occupies, and transforms public space amid conflicts with state agents, private interests, and sectors of civil society. The first chapter presents the issue of homelessness, the research path, and objectives, aiming to situate this thesis as a contribution to urban studies. The second chapter discusses social exclusion under capitalism, the historical formation of the homeless population in Brazil, and the production of urban space by excluded populations. The third chapter focuses on the concrete living conditions of this population, based on data and public policies, survival strategies, exclusion from the labor market, and the effects of stigmatization and violence. The fourth chapter presents the fieldwork, analyzing the life trajectories of homeless individuals, their urban displacements, and the spatial conflicts they face, as well as a discussion on conflict, disaffiliation, and territorialization. Finally, the last chapter presents the final considerations, proposing a critical reflection on the role of the homeless population in the production of urban space and the urgency of intersectoral public policies that incorporate their real experiences and needs. Thus, the thesis proposes to understand street life not as urban disorder, but as an expression of the presence and visibility of this dispossessed population, marked by conflicts, survival strategies, and precarious territorializations that never fully consolidate, yet are significant. Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Type: Tese Thu, 03 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11422/28819 2025-07-03T00:00:00Z