Avaliação da segurança econômica e energética da matriz elétrica brasileira através de múltiplos critérios

Abstract

The Brazilian electric power sector (SEB) is recovering from a crisis. In 2012, a law reducing electricity tariffs for end consumers caused a financial imbalance of utilities. This reduction in prices caused an increase in consumption which, associated with a period of lower rain and inflows, led the National Interconnected System (SIN) reservoirs at lower storage levels than in 2001, the year in which the country had an energy rationing. The heavy dependence on hydroelectricity forced the National System Operator (ONS) to dispatch expensive thermal power plants, in order to compensate for the lower hydro generation. This increased the system's operating costs being passed on to consumers through charges. So, this study aims to elaborate an economic and energetic security index (ISEE) of the Brazilian electric matrix through multiple criteria, in order to quantify the main causes of this crisis, as well as to propose solutions and verify the fulfillment of SEB model’s objectives. The criteria selected for analysis are measured between the years 2004 and 2015, with the main purpose of assessing the contributing factors to the current situation and seeking effective means of preventing future crisis.