Reflexões sobre sistemas sociotécnicos de engenharia: o caso da mitigação de gases de efeito estufa na aviação

Abstract

International discussions on the adoption of public policies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases are difficult to reach consensus. Public policy decisionmaking is at the interface between the technical field and the political field and a multidisciplinary scientific approach would help to resolve impasses. As the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in transport depends on an evolution of the existing technologies, a study on the evolution of technology is necessary for decision making, as it allows to understand the mechanisms by which public policies can influence technological development. On the other hand, the decision on public policies is an essentially political act and it is fundamental to discuss the political, moral and ethical role played by technology. Therefore, the present work intends to evaluate alternatives of public policies for mitigation of emissions in air transport, considering how the public policies influence the technological evolution and how the technology influences the adoption of public policies. It begins with the study of sociotechnical engineering systems and ways of dealing with its inherent complexity. Then it looks for a way to model the evolution and the life cycle of technologies. The mode of operation of public policies and their relationship with technologies is evaluated. Finally, a simple evaluation model is proposed and it is applied in selected public policy proposals.