Modelagem matemática para localização de bases de despacho de veículos de resgate: um estudo de caso no município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The Emergency Medical Services are considered critical elements of modern health services, mainly to ensure that the level of service is appropriate for the population of the region that serve, as it depends on the service the worsening or not of the victim’s health condition. We applied Facility Location Problems, in this context, to indicate strategic points to the location of rescue vehicles dispatching bases attending emergency calls. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, this type of service is the responsibility of the Military Fire Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro, which has units distributed throughout the territory, where the rescue vehicles are dispatched. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a mathematical modeling to support the planning of the location of rescue vehicles dispatching bases, focusing on the maximization of the population coverage and different types of occurrences recorded and the minimization of the number of dispatch bases opened and the distance between the dispatch bases and the demand points. Bibliographic and documentary researches were carried out with the purpose of understanding the main characteristics of the location / allocation of ambulance dispatch bases and the main mathematical models of facilities location. Tests were implemented for 11 scenarios with variations in the number of bases and vehicles used which, with the help of georeferencing tools, allowed us to evaluate the coverage and service time for each base in each scenario.