Avaliação de metais e fitorremediação de solos adjacentes a rodovias do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The objective of research was to evaluate the concentration of metals in different soils adjacent to highways in the State of Rio de Janeiro and to study the potential of phytoremediation in the rehabilitation of these soils, using the species Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum. Soil samples were collected from four major highways: Linha Vermelha, Avenida Brasil, Via Dutra e BR-465. The study revealed that the soils are affected mainly by the contamination of Cd, Ni, Pb, V and Zn, due to the influence of the traffic. The pH values indicated that urban areas (Linha Vermelha and Avenida Brasil) were more alkaline than locations farther from urbanization (BR-465 and Via Dutra), and thus suggest a greater influence of abrasion on urban roads. In general, the Crotalaria juncea species was promising for phytoextraction of Sr and phytostabilizing of Cd, Mn and Zn. In the case of the species Pennisetum glaucum, the study indicated potential for the phytoxtraction of Cd and Sr and phytostabilization Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn. In addition, the development of the species after 60 days of cultivation in the studied soils indicated adaptation and resistance in the presence of several metals such as Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn. The use of these plant species as an innovation in phytoremediation of roads has demonstrated a good behavior for the recovery of these soils.