Estado nutricional pré gestacional e desfechos perinatais em adolescente atendidas em maternidade pública no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Background: Adolescence, according to the World Health Organization, includes chronological limits between 10 and 19 years of age; however, it can be defined as the transition period between childhood and adult life. Gestation in adolescence does not consist only of a public health problem due to its high prevalence and perinatal risks, but also to the relevant socioeconomic consequences, requiring a certain complexity of the care to be provided. Objective: To describe the frequency of unfavorable perinatal outcomes in adolescents according to nutritional status prior to gestation. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional, 845 binomial pregnant / newborn-newborn study of adolescents under the age of 20 attended at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The variables evaluated included anthropometric, sociodemographic, obstetric, clinical and prenatal care characteristics, and conditions at conception, through interviews with mothers and consultation of medical records. Exploratory data evaluation, identification and exclusion of outliers (extreme values) were performed for continuous variables. A variance analysis was performed, and the value of p presented will be related to the Tukey post hoc test. Results: The mean age at conception and at delivery was 16.85 ± 1.64 years and 17.49 ± 1.61 years, respectively. Most of the pregnant women were eutrophic before pregnancy and the means of weight gain were similar to each other, regardless of the previous nutritional status, and there was no significant difference between the categories. The frequency of inadequate gestational weight gain and anemia were high, and gestational intercurrences (anemia and hypertensive pregnancy syndromes) reached all pre-gestational BMI rankings. Conclusion: Studies on the association of pre-gestational nutritional status and gestational outcomes should be performed in order to better understand the predictive factors of gestational outcomes.