Hipotermia terapêutica em recém-nascidos com asfixia perinatal: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

With scientific and technological advances, several interventions were developed for the control and reduction of sequelae from the ischemic injury. Amongst them we can highlight the use of therapeutic hypothermia as a neuroprotective mechanism. What we have today in our scientific collection can be considered “the tip of the iceberg”, further studies should be carried out to support this recent practice in neonatology. In this way, the interest arose in carrying out a study that aimed to select in the academic literature, works that deal with the subject, contributing to the dissemination of the theme and favoring the knowledge of all professionals who deal with this clientele in their care practice. Objective: to identify in the literature the scientific works that address the consequences and/or mechanisms related to the use of hypothermia therapy in newborns who have suffered an episode of perinatal asphyxia. Method: This study used the integrative review method to highlight publications in the literature related to the use of therapeutic hypothermia in newborns who suffered a perinatal asphyxia episode. Results: When analyzing all studies in general it was found that the use of hypothermia as a therapy, it is necessary to carry out more studies to improve your level of evidence. Although most studies do not show a relevant statistical value, it showed superior results with its use. You tests showed which the best time and temperature can be considered the ideal for its applicability. It is also possible to identify, as is the evolution of these children, with regard to motor and cognitive functions, two multicenter studies brought favorable results for these aspects. Another important point was the identification of complementary exams for the evaluation of the therapy, with imaging exams, such as example: magnetic resonance and electroencephalogram, with them you can have a better prognosis for a better future evaluation. Conclusion: With these analyzes and with the Based on the literature, we can observe how beneficial the use of hypothermia is as one of the existing neuroprotective strategies, and how important it is to have protocols based on the latest evidence for quality practice.