Analyzing problem solving strategies under a cognitive viewpoint

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the hurnan reasoning applied to the rnathernatical problem resolution process. Our approach is based on two main settings: a. the investigation of mental processes involved in the human reasoning applied to problem resolution; b. the analysis of differences in the categorization and resolution of rnathematical problems by beginners and specialists. In a. we sought to contribute for the rupture of the logical-formal reasoning paradigm. In fact, we sought to contribute for the rupture of the idea that identifies the hurnan as a completely rational entity, which invokes a thinking way that adheres the rules of an explicit form. Our results show that the human reasoning is not determined exclusively by logical- forrnal guidelines, but is rather determined by characteristics and aspects of the context. In b. we sought to analyze more effectively the problem-resolution process. We concentrated our discussion on the differences in the categorization and resolution of mathematical problems by beginners and specialists. Our results indicate for a problem categorization and subsequent resolution: specialists are guided by organized logical principIes, and beginners are guided by superficial elements found in its enunciation.