Análise comparativa dos leilões de energias renováveis na América Latina

Abstract

The electricity demand tends to rise because of the economic development of emerging countries and the improvement of the quality of human life. The energy auctions are internationally highlighted for being one of the best mechanisms to contract renewable energy. Each country needs to adapt its auction’s methodology, so the results are in line with the local electric sector's context, energy policy, and goals. This thesis aims to suggest recommendations to help the auction designing, focusing on the effects of the methodologies on the results. The energy auctions from 4 Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are the base of this study. These countries are local and internationally featured because of the enormous amounts of renewable energy at small prices they have contracted using energy auctions. The comparison is a multi-criteria analysis of the methodologies' capabilities to achieve cost-efficiency and generate impacts on the electric system, society, economy, and environment. Besides, the research outlines if the auctions attract investors, limit the cooperation between stakeholders, and attend local energy policy's goals about meeting forecasted demand and diversity. National contests with considerable amounts of energy to be contracted, fair pre-qualifying documents, without repelling new or small players, and the use of clockauctions manage to succeed in favorable results. Furthermore, measures to reduce the stakeholders’ risks by applying long term contracts with stable currencies, warranties, and insurances from generators and buyers are crucial to obtain satisfactory results.