Padrão alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e sua associação com o colesterol não-HDL

Abstract

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents. The assessment of the lipid profile in children and adolescents with T1DM is important, since dyslipidemia can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c) is considered a predictor of persistent dyslipidemia and can also be an indicator of atherosclerosis. Dietary patterns can influence lipid fractions and, consequently, the risk of CVD. Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and serum concentrations of non-HDL-c in children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in children and adolescents with T1DM treated at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro. Food consumption was assessed through the 24hour dietary recall (R24h). The children's dietary patterns were identified from the principal component factor analysis (PCA) of the diet. The desirable cutoff point for non-HDL cholesterol was <120 mg/dL. Multiple linear regression was adopted in the analysis, and associations with p<0.05 were considered significant, and the β coefficients and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 120 children and adolescents were included, 53.3 (n=64) of whom were female, with a mean age of 11.7±2.9 years and 6.7±3.3 years since diagnosis. An inadequate percentage of serum non-HDL-c concentrations was found in 31% (n=37) of the studied population. Five dietary patterns were identified. The second pattern (DP2) comprised the red meat food group, indicating that greater adherence to this pattern was associated with increased non-HDL cholesterol (β=12.66; CI=0.1325.18; p<0.048). Conclusion: A dietary pattern characterized by the consumption of red meat can increase non-HDL-c, considered a predictor of future CVD during childhood and adulthood.