Tratamento da febre Q: revisão bibliográfica narrativa

Abstract

Q feveris a zoonotic disease caused by the intracellula bacterium Coxiellaburnetii, with a global distribution. Initially identified in Australia in 1935, it primarily affects livestock, such as cattle, sheep, andgoats, which serve as themain source of human transmission. Infection occurs through inhalation of contaminated particles, especially during arturition of infected animals. Although C. burnetiioften causes asymptomatic infections in animals, humans can develop acute o rpersistent forms of the disease. The acute form typically presents withflu-like symptoms, while persistent infections may lead to severe complications, such as endocarditis or vascular infections. Treatment of Q fever depends on the clinical presentation and risk factors. In acute cases, early antibiotic therapy is crucial, while persistent localized infections often require prolonged antibiotic regimens, sometimes combined with surgical interventions. Special populations, including pregnant women and children, require tailored treatment strategie sto minimize pharmacological toxicity. Despite the global prevalence of Q fever, scientific literature remains limited, particularly in countries like Brazil, where the disease is under-researched. This review aims to analyze current therapeutic approaches for Q fever, evaluate antibiotic efficacy, and explore factors influencing treatment choices, particularly in vulnerable groups. Additionally, the review identifies gaps in knowledge and suggests future research directions to improve clinical management and reduce complications associated with Q fever.