Análise da mortalidade infantil no município do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2018-2023

Abstract

Worldwide, the reduction of infant mortality is on the public policies schedule for children and demonstrates a lot about the living conditions and the health assistance in a country. In the knowledge of the causes of infant death, there is the possibility of planning actions that imply their prevention. The objective of the study was to analyze the preventable causes of infant mortality on the period of 2018 to 2023, based on na ecological, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach to the analysis of epidemiological data on infant mortality available in the Mortality Information System (MIS) in Brazil and the State of Rio de Janeiro. In the main results show that in the period studied the group of preventable causes by the Brazilian List of Causes of Death remained high, passing from absolute values from 23.903 in 2018 to 21.224 in 2023, which is equivalent respectively to the rate of 8,19 per 1000 live births (LB) to 8,4 per 1000 (LB). In the group of ill-defined causes there was a variation in the rate from 0,38 deaths per 1000 (LB) (1.114 deaths) to 0,3 per 1000 (LB) (878 deaths) and for the other causes (not clearly preventable), the variation in the rate correspond in 2018 to 3,68 deaths per 1000 (LB) (10.848 deaths) to 3,9 per 1000 (LB) (9.915 deaths). Among the preventable causes, the highest proportion group was related to 1.2.3 adequate care for the newborns (2.354-22,33% deaths), in your early neonatal component and the diagonostic actions and adequate treatment (group 1.3) corresponded to 11,51% of the death, with a higher proportion in the post-neonatal component, in the specific causes related to respiratory infections. The deaths in children under 1 year of age in the group of preventable causes 1.4 reducible by adequate actions of health promotions linked to health care actions amount to 1.090 cases, 10,34% of the total deaths occured in the period. In a general way, the prenatal care actions, that seek quality care and consider the individuality, the vulnerability and other aspects of the territory in which the woman is inserted are necessary even later integrating into the evaluation of the postpartum consultation and knowledge of the support network for baby care. The challenges in facing the infant mortality remain in the search for an intersectoral action and a health care network.