Avaliação entre padrão de consumo alimentar e insegurança alimentar em mulheres com hiperglicemia na gestação

Abstract

Objective: To assess the association between food consumption patterns and food insecurity (FI) among women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) treated at the prenatal outpatient clinic of a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Adult pregnant women with a diagnosis of HG performed or confirmed in the unit were included. A semi-structured sociodemographic form was used to collect sociodemographic data. To assess food consumption, the Food Consumption Markers Form (BRASIL, 2021) was applied and to measure FI in households, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used. The mean with standard deviation and absolute and relative frequencies were estimated. The Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. The analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 software. Results: The overall prevalence of FI was 57% (n=73), with 79.5% being mild (n=58), 16.4% moderate (n=12) and 4.1% severe (n=3). The variables associated with FI were: place of residence (p=0,02), marital status (p=0,01) and cigarette use (p<0,01). Pregnant women with moderate/severe FI had higher consumption of sweetened beverages and lower consumption of fruits and vegetables A and B, suggesting an unhealthy food consumption pattern compared to pregnant women with mild FI. Conclusion: A high prevalence of FI was observed in women with HIG, which impacted the eating pattern of these women, and this may favor negative outcomes for the mother-child binomial.