Análise comparativa do porto ao navio de combustíveis alternativos para transporte marítimo

Abstract

The increasing emission of pollutants has driven the naval community to search ways to reduce them. Among the options, the use of alternative maritime fuels has emerged as one of the most promising. The scientific and technical community has made efforts to evaluate the use of these fuels, with several works focusing on the production, but few study the usage on vessels and adaptations in ports, mostly because of the demand for greater technological maturity of the alternatives. In this work, the following fuels are chosen: liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, biodiesel, SVO, HVO and HPO. Based on the available references, these fuels are analyzed according to the physical-chemical characteristics, options for motorization, supply, storage, bunkering, advances regarding the use of fuel in ships and emitted pollutantsin the port to hull phase. From this analysis, a comparison is made between the options studied and the maturity and technological readiness for the Brazilian maritime sector is defined, predicting the time when the fuel insertion may begin to occur. Finally, each fuel application case is evaluated through an assessment of the analyzed aspects in this work and the selected fuels with the best potentials regarding adaptability from port to hull are showcased.