Clima urbano e vulnerabilidade climática: uma análise espacial e temporal da variação da temperatura no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The municipality of Rio de Janeiro exhibits an unequal and heterogeneous urbanization pattern. The use of inadequate construction materials and land cover and use practices misaligned with the tropical climatic reality exacerbate the phenomenon of extreme intra-urban heat. Despite being widely studied, significant gaps remain in understanding the interactions between intra-urban geoenvironmental factors and the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature, particularly in metropolitan cities of the Global South. Studies linking temperatures not only to land cover and use but also to the exposure of vulnerable social groups remain scarce. In this context, this dissertation analyzes the influences of intra-urban geoenvironmental factors in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) on the spatiotemporal variation of temperature, emphasizing the exposure of social groups to heat. Using the Urban Climate Maps methodology, geoenvironmental variables and synthesis layers were generated. Data from the "Heat Watch" and the Social Progress Index underpinned statistical analyses of clustering and correlation. The final results highlighted the complex relationship between land use and cover, geographical factors, and local climatic dynamics in shaping the urban climate. Features such as vegetation and building density strongly influenced the mitigation or intensification of heat. Additionally, it was evident that neighborhoods with lower social progress might be more exposed to higher temperatures, corroborating the existence of socio-environmental inequalities in the distribution of climate impacts.