Análise da implementação e efetividade de Unidades de Conservação no município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

At a time when the climate emergency is at the center of political and scientific debate, protected areas are taking on new relevance, as they are seen as an effective and non-radical solution to the problem. Understood as a public policy, part of the government's strategy to improve the implementation of protected areas involves the creation of external methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of these areas. Examples include the Management Analysis and Monitoring System (SAMGe) and the Protected Area Assessment Result (RAAP), methodologies used, respectively, to evaluate Brazilian Federal protected areas and those located in the State of Rio de Janeiro. These methodologies carry with them the understanding that effective protected areas are those that meet certain restrictions regarding the resources made available and other management indicators, abandoning the classical conception of the concept of effectiveness, understood based on the relationship between objectives and results achieved. In order to analyze the implementation of protected areas, this study dissected the functioning of SAMGe and RAAP and analyzed the results of the evaluation of protected areas located in the capital of Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian city with the largest number of protected areas. Based on the discussion and the criticism of the aforementioned methodologies, this study proposes the creation of a new evaluation method, aimed at measuring the proximity of protected areas to their respective objectives. As a result, important limitations and inequalities were found with regard to environmental protection policy in the city of Rio de Janeiro, concluding, finally, with the understanding of the inseparability of the concepts of implementation and effectiveness with regard to the evaluation of protected areas and the dialectical functioning of the implementation and evaluation processes