O Programa Nacional do Livro Didático pós-reforma do ensino médio: significações para o ensino de química

Abstract

This study analyzes the textbook as a cultural production and explores its relationship with educational public policies in Brazil, with emphasis on the National Common Core Curriculum (BNCC) and the High School Reform. Considering the textbook as part of the written curriculum and an essential tool in the educational process, the research investigates how its selection of knowledge and curricular organization reflect social and political disputes. The National Textbook and Didactic Material Program (PNLD), one of the largest book distribution programs in the world, stands out as a prominent educational public policy that operates in different contexts and assumes multiple meanings according to the guidelines of its organization, production, and use. Considering the scarcity of research that focuses on this theme and the importance of developing studies on textbooks as a policy and not just as a reference for didactic material, critical curriculum theories and Ball and Bowe's policy cycle form the theoretical foundation for the analysis of this material. The research presents an analysis of a collection of textbooks from the PNLD 2021, in the area of Natural Sciences and their Technologies (CNT) and discusses some of the meanings produced in the context of Brazilian curriculum policy and its reflections on Chemistry teaching. The results indicate that the reorganization of textbooks from the perspective of curricular flexibility promotes the removal of specific contents of the Chemistry discipline to integrate learning from the CNT area and develop competencies pointed out in the BNCC and the High School Reform as essential for the integral development of students. The analysis reveals that the curricular reorganization of these materials requires new skills from both teachers and students. The study also highlights the importance of teachers resignifying the texts, who must reinterpret the curricular proposals according to the context of the classrooms. As an educational product, the research develops a script for conducting a conversation circle with public high school Chemistry teachers, with the aim of promoting reflections and sharing experiences on the topic.