Potencial e desafios para a implementação de uma política de pagamento por serviços ambientais no Brasil

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to contribute to this debate, based on the findings of the study “Guidelines and Directions for the National Policy on Payments for Environmental Services (PES)” (Young et al., 2025), commissioned by the National Secretariat for Bioeconomy of the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA). Following this introduction, Section 2 presents the advantages and challenges for the creation and operation of PES systems. Section 3 provides an overview of existing initiatives in the country and an estimate of the volume of resources currently allocated. Section 4 introduces a PES taxonomy, seeking to differentiate between possibilities associated with the land production factor—typical of programs focused on conservation on private properties—and those linked to the labor factor, typical of activities not based on land use. Section 5 presents estimates of PES costs and benefits in Brazil, differentiated by type of ecosystem service. Section 6 presents recommendations for implementing initiatives based on lessons learned from the previous sections, and Section 7 summarizes the study’s conclusions.