Democracia frágil, a práxis política no contexto da arena pública e a mitigação de conflitos

Abstract

Understanding the importance of democracy in promoting the full development of society and its individuals, it is imperative to choose a broad model, given the design of plural and complex societies. The content of this possible model must cover conflicts faced by communities. The research analyzed that through constant communication and dialogue, democratic exercise in the context of the public arena can establish ways of overcoming conflicts. The dissertation offers, through the thought of the philosopher Habermas, an opportunity to make the ideal of participation compatible with the problems posed by modern society of a complex nature. In another way, the philosopher Mouffe, in turn, presents that ideas and personal projects of a political-social nature converge as a buffer to government policy, collaborating around an object that is not always common, often antagonistic, giving way to dissent, in a space that presumes consensus, or at least social order. In a bold perspective, with a democracy in a radical format, it assumes agonism and conflict, reaffirming the relevance of dissent as a primordial element in democracy, combating the passionate view of the belief in a world without conflicts, without contraries, for it it is impractical to think of a Democracy without the presence of dissent and rival interests, therefore, one should not estimate the overcoming of adversarial clashes, after all, it is imperative to define politics as a space of clashes and antagonisms, in the search for human coexistence. Here lies the central point, to be analyzed: what is the best design of democracy to operationalize in plural societies? The need for this debate further deepened the research, as antagonisms, agonism, conflicts are an inherent part of the world of life, as is the understanding that deliberation arenas are formed for confrontation. The critical heritage mobilized by the concept of public sphere suggests the central role of arenas as a space for deliberation in modern democracies, above all, by placing such arenas in the role of contestation and, consequently, the transformation of deliberation structures.