A relação entre ontologia e verdade em Ser e Tempo de Martin Heidegger

Abstract

This thesis investigates the intrinsic relationship between ontology and truth in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time(1927). The main objective is to demonstrate how the question of the meaning of being and the inquiry into the essence of truth converge on the same originary phenomenon: the disclosedness of the entity that we ourselves are, designated as Dasein. Methodologically, the research adopts hermeneutic phenomenology to deconstruct the metaphysical tradition — rooted in Plato and Aristotle — which fixated the understanding of being in the entity of the entity (as transcendent idea or constant substance) and primarily consolidated truth as the adequation of the intellect to the thing in propositional judgment (adaequatio intellectus et rei). The study is structured around four analytical axes: (1) the historical diagnosis of the forgetting of being and its unfolding in ancient ontology; (2) the originary appropriation of the concepts of phenomenon and logos, demonstrating that ontology is only possible as phenomenology; (3) the existential analytic, which describes Dasein as being-in-the-world, revealing the pre-theoretical dimension of readiness-to-hand and the structural constitution of disclosedness through disposition (state-of-mind), understanding, and discourse; and (4) the elucidation of §44, where truth is led back to unconcealment (ἀλήθεια). It concludes that the theoretical proposition is a derived mode of access to the entity and that originary truth is a mode of being of Dasein itself. This dynamic is attested by an agonistic and structural tension, in which unconcealment occurs cooriginarily with concealment — that is, Dasein is, constitutively, in truth and untruth. It is argued, therefore, that being and truth co-belong insofar as there is truth only as long as Dasein is.