Efetividade da intervenção breve para o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre profissionais de enfermagem hospitalar

Abstract

Introduction: The study focuses on the brief intervention for the consumption of psychoactive substances among hospital nursing professionals, based on evidence that it is necessary to detect early involvement of these professionals with psychoactive substances and intervene in order to minimize the consequences of abusive use, as nursing is considered a vulnerable category for the consumption of these substances. It is necessary to detect early the involvement of these professionals with psychoactive substances and to intervene, in order to minimize the consequences of abusive use, as nursing is considered a category vulnerable to the consumption of these substances. General aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of Brief Intervention for psychoactive substance use among hospital nursing professionals. Method: quasi-experimental. A sample of 264 nursing professionals from a public university hospital. A questionnaire was used to outline the socioeconomic, lifestyle, occupational, and health profile, and the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances Use Screening Instrument, with follow-up through brief interventions and Readiness Ruler for 6 months when moderate and high-risk consumption was identified. Results: The sample composed mostly of adults over 39 years old, predominantly non-white race and female sex, who lived with a partner, had children, watched streaming at home as their preferred leisure activity, and did not consume psychoactive substances during leisure. They were evenly distributed between nurses and nursing technicians, and most had completed postgraduate studies. The majority were permanent employees, with up to ten years of work at the institution, working daytime shifts, holding a single employment contract, in inpatient care sectors. They reported good health, rarely resorted to self-medication, and frequently reported emotional disorders and arterial hypertension. Alcohol, tobacco, and anxiolytics were the substances most experimented with over their lifetimes, and moderate/high-risk consumption was noted for tobacco, alcohol, sedatives, amphetamines, and marijuana. Even so, the prevalence of participants with moderate/high-risk consumption was considered low compared to the general population. Some characteristics were identified as protective factors, such as having religion; preferring cultural activities for leisure; having dual employment. Conversely, risk factors were understood to include: using psychoactive substances during leisure activities; preferring leisure activities in bars/restaurants; working night shifts; and practicing self-medication. Following the implementation of Brief Intervention, behavioral changes were observed, reflected in a reduction in the frequency of use and the quantity consumed, including cases of cessation of consumption. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is affirmed that the research met its objectives and confirmed its hypotheses, corroborating the effectiveness of the brief intervention. The contribution of this thesis to the scientific field, professional practice, and the health of hospital nursing workers is highlighted, since in addition to outlining the socioeconomic, occupational, and health profile of these participants, the pattern of psychoactive substance use was identified, and the associations between the profiles and this pattern of use were analyzed. As a product of the thesis, educational material on the subject was developed and a reflective essay on the applicability of Dorothea Orem's Theory for brief intervention as a care-education technology. As for the limitations of the study, it is understood that conducting it in a single healthcare unit may affect its results.