Diagnóstico situacional da hanseníase no estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2009 a 2019

Abstract

Objective: to carry out a diagnosis of the epidemiological situation of leprosy in the state of Rio de Janeiro during the period from 2009 to 2019. Method: it is an ecological study with a spatial approach, based on data from the notification of new cases of leprosy from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), during the period 2009-2019. Descriptive analyzes were performed using graphs and thematic maps of the priority indicators selected for the study. For cluster analysis of the occurrence of cases, the SCAN statistic was used. Results: the descriptive analysis characterized the distribution of leprosy at state, regional and municipal levels. The State of presented a decreasing trend in the incidence of leprosy and a low performance in relation to the contacts examined. The same pattern was found in the analysis by health regions. The municipalities had different performances in the analysis, the municipalities that make up the Baixada Fluminense presented worse performances in the indicators. In the cluster analysis, considering the scenario referring to general detection, the conglomerate with the highest relative risk (2.06) was formed by the municipalities Itaboraí, Magé and Guapimirim. Regarding detection in children under 15 years of age, the cluster formed by the municipalities of Magé, Duque de Caxias and Guapimirim stands out, whose population corresponded to 8.3% of that of the state and concentrated 15.8% of the cases in the period. For the scenario referring to the detection of grade II disability, the cluster with the highest relative risk (2.86) was formed by the municipalities of Magé, Duque de Caxias and Guapimirim. As for the simultaneous conglomerates, the presence of a cluster was identified formed by the municipality of Guapimirim (Serrana Region) and another located in the Metropolitan Region I, formed by the municipalities of Queimados, Japeri and Nova Iguaçu. Conclusion: The results achieved in this study can contribute to the planning, targeting and intensification of leprosy surveillance and control actions by demonstrating the regions with low detection, recent transmission and late diagnosis of the disease.