Impacto da dieta Dash na prevenção de síndromes hipertensivas em gestantes com excesso de peso pré-gestacional: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the available evidence on the impact of the DASH diet in preventing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) in women with pre-pregnancy excess weight. Methods: A narrative review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, applying the PICO strategy. The literature search was conducted in the BVS and PubMed databases, based on the following inclusion criteria: publications in the last ten years, population of adult women over 19 years old with a single fetus pregnancy and pre-gestational excess weight, considering Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². Study selection was performed through abstract screening, followed by full-text analysis by two independent researchers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Results: The studies indicated an association between higher adherence to the DASH diet and a reduced risk of HDP, including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, with additional benefits in blood pressure control and improvements in metabolic and antioxidant markers. Pre-pregnancy excess weight emerged as an important risk factor in the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion: The DASH diet shows promising potential in preventing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, especially when combined with a healthy lifestyle. However, further studies are needed to strengthen this evidence.