The transfer of heat in turbulent boundary layers with injection or suction: universal laws and Stanton number equations

Abstract

The injection or suction of fluid into the turbulent boundary layer through a porous surface is an effective means of promoting the thermal protection of walls.The transpired fluid convects thermal energy away from the wall, improving the ability of surfaces to withstand a high-temperature environment. Despite this classical application, transpired turbulent boundary layers have also been extensively studied in connection with a variety of other applications. For example, injection or suction of fluid can be effectively used to reduce the drag offlows around bodies. Also, variations of the transpiration problem are found when the injected fluid is a chemical reagent or when either evaporation or sublimation occurs.