Patrimônio geológico: uma indissociabilidade entre geo/biodiversidade, patrimônio e cultura

Abstract

The relationship between society and the environment, the latter often being synonymous with nature, as opposed to culture, promotes changes in space and landscapes over time, involving culture, which has become the link between the historicity of a society and its development. Human beings are modifiers of their physical (geodiversity) and biological (biodiversity - of which they are a part) environments, enabling them to appropriate and modify the space they occupy. Over time, this relationship has allowed the appearance of human actions combined with the intrinsic characteristics of the environment and its historical trajectory. In this way, diverse landscapes were created, with the earth's surface as their substrate. Undoubtedly, one can relate many of the diversities of landscapes to the existence of cultural diversity, which provides a range of symbolic representations to natural landscapes, transforming them into cultural landscapes. However, these transformations do not occur only by the relationship between human beings and the environment, but also by the relationships between the human community itself. Therefore, many of the concepts discussed here, such as landscape, culture, nature, geodiversity, and heritage, are polysemic and interdependent on human culture and history. For discussion, some conservation areas, where the very conception is already a heritage valuation, were analyzed to exemplify the inseparability between geodiversity, heritage and culture. A first example is the Araripe GeoPark, where the very concept of geopark is linked to geodiversity, local development and society participation. Another example would be the Vila Velha State Park, conceived by the carved blocks and the furnaces in the sandstones of the Vila Velha Formation, where the names are given relative to cultural conceptions (boot, bottle, cup, camel, etc.). Very direct relationships of geodiversity, heritage, and culture are seen in the Wa-o-tapu geothermal park in Rotorua, New Zealand, where the Maori people use this geological environment to cook and transform geodiversity. In the Mamirauá Development Reserve, home to a large number of endemic species and a place for the management and trade of pirarucu (Amazonian fish), it is an area of riverside dwellers and users of the surroundings, promoting a socioeconomic dynamic. In this way, the interrelation between human beings and the environment can serve as a strategy for geoconservation and conception of the concept of geological heritage, because this favors a cycle of awareness of conservation and apprehension of the balance between the abiotic and biotic factors, in its most diverse aspects. There is always a direct influence between these factors, caused by human changes and impacts on space, and space interferences on cultural diversities. Therefore, one should not disassociate geodiversity, landscape and geological heritage from their historical, social and cultural contextualization.