Evolução temporal da prevalência de anemia em adolescentes grávidas em uma maternidade do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy is configured as a factor of harm to the fetus and maternal health, especially in pregnant adolescents which are a group prone to adverse obstetric outcomes and nutritional deficiencies. Every year, around 70,000 teenagers die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth in developing countries. The World Health Organization has warned that severe anemia is an important indirect cause of maternal mortality and that approximately half of adolescents in the developing world is anemic. Objective: To describe the evolution from 2004 to 2013 the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents attended a Public Maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 628 pregnant/postpartum women divided into 3 groups: Group I (2004-2006), Group II (2007-2010) and Group III (2013). Information on anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, obstetric and prenatal care of adolescents were obtained from medical records of pregnant women. The concentration of hemoglobin <11 g/dL was considered as anemia. Results: The prevalence of gestational anemia over the years was 43% (GI=138), 36% (GII=80) and 47.1% (GIII=40) and the period (2004-2013) was 41.1% (n=258). The occurrence of anemic pregnant women increased with the evolution of pregnancy, however, in the 3rd quarter there was decrease in prevalence of anemia in GII (29.3%) compared to GI (38.7%; p=0.042). Factors associated with anemia were number of prenatal visits and prenatal nutritional assistance, place of residence, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain. Final considerations: the results demonstrated in this study showed that prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents attended a Public Maternity is high, there was no reduction of anemia during the study period and in the genesis of anemia in this population, other factors are combined, in addition town iron deficiency.