Atenção a saúde das gestantes com COVID-19 que pariram em uma maternidade escola do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Summary: Covid 19 is characterized by a major impact on humanity in the 21st century and, without distinction between countries, races, social classes and people, it also affected pregnant women and their new-borns. Objective: To describe the profile of pregnant women and the attention received during labour, delivery and immediate postpartum in the presence of the diagnosis of covid-19 in a Maternity School in Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Method: Descriptive research, with a quantitative approach. Data was collected from the medical records of pregnant women who gave birth at the Maternity School of UFRJ from August 2020 to January 2021. Inclusion criteria were: data from pregnant women who had their deliveries at the Obstetric Center (OC) of the unit of the study, were at term of pregnancy and had a diagnosis of covid 19 at the time of delivery. The exclusion criterion was non-single pregnancy. Data were collected using a separate instrument, grouped in the Microsoft Office Excel 2016 program and transferred to the IBM SPSS Statistic version 24 software for analysis of absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 40 records of pregnant women were analysed. In them, all were Brazilian, mostly young people (14-19 years old), non-smokers, non-alcoholics, single, non-white, with high school education and no occupation. With regard to obstetric history, most pregnant women: were in their second pregnancy, had previous normal deliveries (45%), had no history of miscarriages, fetal losses or stillbirths. All underwent prenatal care and routine exams, most had adequate numbers of consultations, had no comorbidities and did not present complications in the current pregnancy. They were admitted to the unit, mostly, with painful contractions and were routinely tested pre hospitalization for covid-19. After a positive diagnosis of covid-19, the main symptoms presented were: anosmia, ageusia, coryza, cough, headache and fever. The care outlined by the OC nursing team was the following: physical examination, measurement of vital signs, specific guidelines and precautions in an isolated room. The main outcomes and obstetric care were: normal delivery (52.5%), use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief (27.5%), episiotomy (4.8%), use of kiwi fruit (14.3 %), drug analgesia (23.8%), oxytocin in labour (23.8%). More than half (66.7%) of pregnant women who had normal delivery had puerperal haemorrhage. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the performance of important nursing care and the concern of the team to relieve pain in labour, with the use of non pharmacological methods and drug analgesia. In addition, qualification in postpartum care was evidenced, avoiding the outcome of maternal aggravation and death in the event of postpartum haemorrhage.