Elementos para uma sociolinguistica do Guarani: o Ñandeva falado na reserva indígena de Porto Lindo-Japorã-MS

Abstract

Studies of the Brazilian indigenous languages from a sociolinguistic perspective are still quite incipient. With regard to research on the Guarani’s varieties, a sociolinguistic study deserves to be developed, both because these varieties already have satisfactory documentation and because of the transnational and pluricentric character of the Guarani language. Thus, this work aims to contribute to this type of investigation, in which the Guarani Ñandeva language, spoken in the Tekoha Porto Lindo Indigenous Reserve, located in the municipality of Japorã, in the southern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, is chosen as variety of study. Porto Lindo's multilingual environment in which, in addition to Ñandeva, different languages was circulated and still circulate: Kaiowa, Portuguese, Avañe'e (Guarani Paraguay / Jopará) and Spanish, is a fundamental element to understand the Ñandeva spoken in this context. In such a way, this work comparatively analyzed some aspects of Ñandeva grammar spoken in Reserva Porto Lindo, with those of three other varieties of Guarani, namely: Kaiowa, Avañe’e and Nhandewa spoken in the states of São Paulo and Paraná. The results corroborate some researches that point, on the one hand, to a distance between the Nhandewa of Mato Grosso do Sul and the Southeast, and on the other to the proximity between the Nhandewa of Mato Grosso do Sul and Avañe'e and Kaiowa (IVO 2018, COSTA 2003/2007, DOOLEY [1991] 2008). The Ñandeva of Porto Lindo, however, at the same time that it approaches Avañe'e and Kaiowa, presents some characteristics of the Nhandewa spoken in São Paulo and Paraná.