Potencial poluidor dos lixiviados gerados por resíduos da construção civil em células experimentais de aterros

Abstract

Construction waste (CDW) comprises all materials, rejects, and debris generated during construction, renovation, repair, and demolition projects. When disposed of in landfills, a liquid called leachate is generated by the percolation of water that passes through them. This study aims to analyze the polluting potential of leachate generated in experimental CDW landfills. The methodology was structured in two main stages. In the first, a preliminary solubilization test was performed on CDW samples, according to the procedures established by ABNT NBR 10006. In the second stage, three experimental cells, composed exclusively of CDW, were constructed in triplicate to monitor the leachate generated through physical-chemical, bacteriological, and toxicological analyses. A total of 37 physical and chemical parameters were evaluated, including: volume, temperature, pH, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic carbon, total hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, and heavy metals. Regarding the bacteriological pattern, no populations of total coliforms or Escherichia coli were detected in the RCC leachate samples. The leachate was not considered toxic to Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia similis. The results showed no polluting potential in all analyzed parameters, in accordance with the limits established in the relevant legislation. The leachate presents a quality compatible with reuse possibilities. The observed concentrations remained within the standards established by CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011 and by the guidelines of INEA NT-202.R-10/1986 and INEA DZ-205.R-6/2007, reinforcing the potential for environmentally safe use of this effluent.