Abordagem policêntrica para lidar com as mudanças climáticas : o caso do Plano Nacional de Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono (Plano ABC)

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to present the Polycentric Institutional Theory to deal with the complexity of the climate change issue. The definition as well as the applicability of the polycentrism was explained in a paper published by Charles Tiebout, Robert Warren and Vincent Ostrom in 1961. Initially, the goal of the polycentrism was to rebut the mainstream public economy applied in these decades, which the authors classified as monocentric. By means of new methodological lens, the sprawling system of public services and goods could be assessed, concluding that its complexity did not mean chaos. This approach was an answer to the movements for centralization and reform of the public system that had place in Europe and the United States during these decades. These authors asserted that only via a new theory the performance and the efficacy of an alternative system to the usual centralization practice would be measured. Similarly, the supporters of a centralized international climatic governance, by means of a top-down approach, within the UNFCCC regime, assert that the centrality of legally binding targets of emission reductions and timetables to accomplish them would be the only game in town. Elinor Ostrom questions this self-evident truth by explaining that as the climate change is a multilevel issue, so its solution would also be. Ostrom is not contrary to the approach based on global efforts; actually, she means to complement it. She asserts that the more we wait for global solutions, the more it will take to implement them. And we do not have time to wait.