Transição para a via oral na alimentação de bebês prematuros: vivências das mães e dos pais

Abstract

This work had as object of study the maternal and paternal experiences about the transition to oral feeding in premature babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit. The overall goal was to understand these experiences and the specific objectives were to highlight the meanings attributed by parents to this process of transition and describe these experiences related techniques and care of professionals. It is a study of qualitative approach to the type case study and descriptive. The subjects were seven mothers, two fathers and ten premature babies. The study setting was the Maternity School of UFRJ. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, data collection neonatal and maternal medical records and non-participant observation through the Field Journal. The data collected was used the Thematic Categorical-technique proposed by Oliveira (2008) based on Bardin's Content Analysis (1977). By encoding the registration units and units of significance emerged two categories: a) Living the transition from days of hospitalization: the challenges in front of prematurity b) Living the transition from tube to oral feeding: the challenges to suck and feed . For each category a), it was found that parents generally feel concerned with the clinical picture, but trust the service and believe in the need of any assistance to benefit the premature infant, with the enhancement of targeted assistance for breastfeeding . They felt well attended, but with some degree of misinformation. Factors such as weight gain, control of vital signs, transfer from the hospital, hospital stay, post-partum maternal health and lack of human resources conditions are part of the set of elements that characterize the environment in Hospital Unit. Referring to the feelings and emotions he identified anxiety to breastfeed, suffering before death and life-threatening in prematurity, disorientation and emotional strength to cope with the relevant situations. The construction of bonding occurs in this respect and the appreciation of parental participation as well. In category b), the probe, in short, is seen in a negative way and at the same time, acceptable; mothers are more involved with the techniques and showed no preference; all subjects expressed a desire to have their premature son sucking chest; were mentioned the need to learn to suck, the difficulties on breastfeeding and its benefits and experiences and planning as the power and future life of the premature infant. The data also showed that parents tend to accept what is given by the hospital and should be emphasized that this was about the type of feeding. It must be remembered that the family leverages careful, however, the multidisciplinary health team needs a wary look for / with this, adding it warmly and absorb all contributions in neonatal care.