Localização-alocação de centros de integração logística considerando critérios econômicos e ambientais

Abstract

Incorporating environmental aspects to the mathematical formulations of facility location is a challenge, due to the lack of consensus and the difficult in measuring them. The scientometric research performed in this thesis indicated that only 2% of the papers published in the Web of Science database deal, albeit indirectly, with the environmental dimension in location processes, highlighting that none of them have bias in support of government planning. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to propose a mathematical model for location-allocation of logistics integration centers - LICs that considers economic and environmental criteria. Weights (α and β) were set on economic (logistics cost) and environmental (CO2 emission) dimensions that composes this model, aiming to evaluate governmental policies given different emphazys to each of them. The proposed model was applied considering four relevant products of the Brazilian economic matrix (soybean, soybean meal, sugar and corn) and the georeferenced databases of the National Logistics and Transport Plan, projected for the year 2031. It was found that the logistics costs have a greater influence on the definition of optimal location in the investigated network, due to the difference of magnitude in relation to the emission cost. Besides, a combination of the cabon cap and carbon tax policies would lead to more effective results than their isolated application. Finally, if no facility were opened, the total cost of the network would be 2.8 times higher than that registered in the base scenario. Therefore, the proposed model would be useful as a support tool for government strategic planning, indicating the ideal locations for LICs implementation considering both the logistics and the CO2 emission costs in the decision making process.