Espiroquetose intestinal: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is defined as the colonization of the luminal surfaceof colonic and appendiceal epithelial cells by anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Brachyspiraspp. This study is a literature review of 21 articles published between 2005 and 2025. Theprevalence of intestinal spirochetosis varies globally but appears to be higher in low- and middleincome countries, possibly due to poor sanitation and living standards. Comparatively, theprevalence is lower in developed countries; however, the prevalence of HIS is significantlyhigher in men who have sex with men. The clinical presentation can range from assymptomaticindividuals to chronic diarrhea, which is the main manifestation. Abdominal pain, hematochezia,and other symptoms may be associated. Diagnosis is made by visualizing intestinal spirochetesclustered on the surface of the intestinal epithelium, forming the classic "false brush border"finding. There are many antibiotic regimens available, but metronidazole is the most used. Inconclusion, further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology and pathophysiology ofthe disease, as symptom recurrence rates are high despite proper treatment.