Influência de políticas de subsídios tarifários sob o aspecto da equidade vertical

Abstract

Transport policies must be evaluated in addition to the technical and operational aspects, also encompassing social bias, to analyze how they affect people's quality of life and social well-being. In this context, this research aims to analyze the influence of tariff subsidy policies, from the level of vertical equity - based on an indicator of accessibility to opportunities - for individuals belonging to different population groups, and confronting public transport with motorized individual. For this, a structured procedure was elaborated, based on the literature review, and an application (case study) was made in the city of Medellín-CO, using travel data from the Household Origin-Destination Survey 2017, Google API and official sources, and the opportunities chosen were jobs. Thus, it was found that users of individual transport access a greater number of jobs than users of public transport; those with higher income have better accessibility than those with lower income; and areas closer to the central region are also more accessible. Then, there is the comparison between real and potential accessibility, in which it obtained better values of the Gini index for public transport. Finally, it is concluded that it is appropriate to use accessibility indicators to opportunities to analyze the vertical equity of a given area in relation to transport systems, and that the result contributes to the formulation and implementation of public policies, as it identifies the localities with bigger problems.