Elaboração, validação e avaliação da eficácia de material educativo para adolescentes sobre prevenção de traumatismos dentoalveolares em ambiente escolar: um estudo piloto

Abstract

Dentoalveolar trauma (DT) is one of the main oral health issues worldwide, encompassing both physical and psychological aspects. The primary etiologies of DT in adolescents, particularly in school environments, are related to falls and sports activities. This is a pilot study aimed at developing, validating the content, and evaluating the effectiveness of an educational material (EM) designed for adolescents, focusing on the prevention of falls in everyday situations and physical activities at school, with the goal of reducing DT in this setting. The first stage of the study involved the creation of the EM in the form of a poster, based on a literature review of databases and guidelines from the Brazilian Ministry of Education, Labor, and Employment, and Health. Subsequently, two groups of expert judges, one consisting of pediatric dentists and the other of professionals in the fields of Education/Design, were responsible for validating the thematic content of the EM. Following this, the poster was validated by the target audience to ensure its clarity and motivational appeal. To assess the effectiveness of the EM sixty adolescent patients from the clinics of the School of Dentistry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FOUFRJ) were interviewed between October and December 2024. The judges’ agreement was evaluated using the Content Validity Index (CVI), and the target audience’s validation was calculated using the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC). To evaluate effectiveness, the differences between the means and frequencies of correct responses before and after reading the EM were estimated using the Wilcoxon and McNemar tests (α = 0.05). The poster was validated, with a CVI of 0.89 and 1.0 by dentists and educators/designers, respectively. All calculated CVCs, ranging from 0.88 to 1.0, were considered acceptable. Based on the results obtained in this pilot study, it is possible to establish validated parameters for the ME developed and to dimension a sufficient sample to test its effectiveness, based on a main study, thus increasing the reliability of the results and the possibility of recommending the dissemination of its content, through health education actions with the target audience.