Ensino de ciências por investigação no 1º ano do ensino fundamental: análise de uma atividade e sua contribuição para a formação docente

Abstract

Science education can help students become part of scientific culture, developing their critical thinking and helping them make daily decisions.. This process, known as scientific literacy, is continuous throughout life, but should be encouraged from the first years of schooling and through the application of investigative activities, scientific literacy is strengthened, as it encourages students to formulate hypotheses, test ideas and construct knowledge actively, allowing them to understand both scientific content and the process of its construction. The objective of this work was to analyze an investigative activity on the heating of chocolate, applied to a 1st grade class of Elementary School in the municipality of Itaguaí, in order to provide support for the adoption of this approach in the classroom, through the production of a video lesson. Thus, in order to achieve the objectives of this study, the methodology was divided into six stages, including the elaboration, application and recording of the investigative activity, analysis of the interaction between children during the application of the activity and validation of the video class produced by education professionals. The results showed, based on the analysis of the interactions between the children, that the investigative activity managed to involve the students, stimulating their curiosity, and that based on the problematizing question, the students raised hypotheses and proposed a way to test them. Regarding the product, based on validation by education professionals, it was possible to see that the information – about research-based teaching – presented in the video lesson is relevant, demonstrates clear strategies for application in the classroom and that the video lesson can be used in ongoing teacher training.