Análise do perfil de detecção da sífilis adquirida e da incidência de sífilis gestacional e congênita no Brasil: uma abordagem descritiva e comparativa por faixa etária, unidades federativas e regiões (2014-2023)

Abstract

This study analyzed the epidemiological profile of acquired, gestational, and congenital syphilis in Brazil between 2014 and 2023, considering age groups and regional differences. The descriptive and comparative approach, based on TABNET data, revealed a significant increase in detection rates of acquired and gestational syphilis, with a slight decrease in 2023, while congenital syphilis remains at high levels, especially in the North and Northeast regions. During the 2020 pandemic period, a drop in notifications was observed due to the interruption of health services, followed by a substantial increase from 2021 onwards with the resumption of surveillance activities. The analysis suggests that investing in early detection of acquired syphilis may help interrupt the transmission cycle, thereby reducing cases of gestational and congenital syphilis. Strategies such as strengthening surveillance, expanded testing, destigmatization of prevention, and educational campaigns are essential. The study highlighted the need for public policies that include targeted actions for both youth and elderly populations—groups with high vulnerability—and emphasized the importance of equity in access to health services.