Diagnóstico diferencial entre transtorno do espectro autista e outros transtornos psiquiátricos em adultos

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, typically present from early childhood. It was not until 1980 that autism was recognized as an independent entity within neurodevelopmental disorders, shifting away from being classified as a psychotic manifestation, as it was previouslyknown. Following this change, many individuals within the autistic spectrum were identified in adulthood, often above 20 years of age, without appropriate diagnosis or treatment. While healthcare and educational services for children with ASD are well-established, services tailored for adults with ASD are still under development. In this regard, there is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on ASD in adults, particularly those addressing the identification of comorbidities, rigorous clinical treatments (both pharmacological and psychosocial), new pharmacotherapies, and the dynamics of transition and aging within the autistic spectrum. Therefore, the present study aims to review the available evidence on the diagnosis and management of adults with ASD, considering the necessary components for accurate identification and assessment. It is important to emphasize that, regardless of any comorbid diagnoses, healthcare professionals must possess a comprehensive understanding of the core symptoms of autism.