Fatores preditivos para peso ao nascer de recém-nascidos de mães com diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional

Abstract

Aims: To identify predictive factors of birth weight (BW) of newborns of women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Retrospective observational study with data from pregnant women who started prenatal nutritional monitoring up to 28 weeks, single pregnancy, and BW information. Quantitative variables were analyzed, and mean and standard deviation (SD) measures were calculated. Predictive factors were identified using multivariate linear regression. Results: Eighty-six pregnant women were analyzed, 50% were diagnosed with type 1 DM, 46.5% with type 2 DM, and 3.5% with unclassified DM; 41% were mixed black and white, 35.6% had overweight and 33.3% had pregestational obesity. The mean BW was 3313.9g (SD=696.08). The predictive factors identified were: in the model I -gestational weight gain (GWG) at the 3rd trimester (ß=60.42; p=0.04), and gestational age at delivery (ß=194.03; p<0.001); in model II - gestational weight gain (GWG) at the 3rd trimester (ß=58.73; p=0.04), and gestational age at delivery (ß=226.55; p<0.001); in model III -time of diagnosis of DM (ß=28.52; p=0.01, gestational weight gain (GWG) at the 3rd trimester (ß=68.86; p=0.02), and gestational age at delivery (ß=232.99; p<0.001); adjusted by time of diagnosis of DM and 1rd, 2nd, and 3rd trimester. Conclusion: The results indicate that weight gain in the 3rd trimester and gestational age at delivery explain the BW of newborns of women with pregestational DM. The results contribute to the review of the prenatal routines of this group of pregnant women, as they are modifiable variables.