Efeito do aleitamento materno em recém-nascidos prematuros internados em UTI neonatal nos desfechos durante a hospitalização

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on premature newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes during hospitalization. Method: retrospective observational quantitative study carried out in a population of extremely premature, very premature and moderate premature newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro, from January/19 to January /20. The sample was divided into 2 groups, by analyzing the total volume of diet administered during hospitalization, with Group 1: <10% of breast milk and Group 2: ≥ 10% of breast milk. Anthropometric, clinical and dietary data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with a significance of 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 72 preterm infants, 51.4% of whom were moderately preterm, 31.9% very preterm and 16.7% extremely preterm. The most frequent diagnosis for hospitalization was respiratory distress. Group 1 consisted of 40 newborns and group 2, 32 newborns. There was no statistical difference regarding the frequency of sepsis, death and ronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was a lower average length of hospital stay in group 2 (20.3 days +18.7), compared to group 1 (32.7 + 29.8, p = 0.04). Group 2 received breast milk for the first time earlier (3.1 days ± 1.5) than group 1 (4.4 days ± 2.9, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The results suggest that breast milk may have contributed significantly to a shorter hospital stay, and reinforce the importance of the support and guidance of the multidisciplinary team at an early stage to these mothers for the success of breastfeeding.