Avaliação Educacional no ENEM um estudo sobre qualidade e equidade

Abstract

The main objectives of this thesis are to analyze the importance of school in student performance and present a debate on equity, proposing a study on the National High School Exam, the ENEM. This exam is particularly relevant, because it is one of the forms of social mobility in an unequal country as Brazil. Besides, it is less explored in the educational assessment literature. The main contributions are: the calculation of school importance in ENEM for public and private schools; the comparison between the profiles of high- and low-performing students; analysis on equity, considering the variables of sex and race. Multilevel models were used to calculate school importance based on educational indicators. The result is a school contribution, called the school effect, of 9% for public schools and 13% for private ones. Quantile regression models were used to compare high- and low-students, thus motivating a study on inequality and equity, which resulted in an analysis of the intramunicipal impact for the gender and race variables, carried out using multilevel models with random coefficients. The results indicate that, in many cases, obtaining quality implies a decrease in equity, which indicates the need to rethink issues involving educational public policies. Finally, considering actual issues about the pandemic, a reflection on possible consequences of the Coronavirus in education is done, discussing how the absence of in-person classes may interfere the ENEM’s performance of low-income students in public schools throughout Brazil.