A percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o recém-nascido prematuro: reflexões e reflexões no cuidado voltado ao desenvolvimento

Abstract

The preterm newborn infants are human being in process of development, with their biological and psychological skills immature to the extra uterine environment. Therefore, the professionals of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) should avoid over estimulation in order to reduce their adaptation effort. The subjectivation process starts at the body and early experiences, so this study aims to contribute to an institutional practice that includes an individualized developmental care favorable to the overall development of the premature, improving brain development, functional competence, health, and live quality. Overall objective: to investigate the perception of nurses on preterm newborn infants in the NICU, their ambience and the impact of these perceptions on their care. Specific objectives: a) to identify whether nurses know the behavioral signs of preterm infants and use them as guiding care; b) identify the perception of nurses working in the NICU on the ambience and on the impact of this for the development of preterm infants; c) analyze how nurses conceive the preterm newborn infants. Design: descriptive and exploratory, with a sample of 15 participants, nurses who work directly in the care of preterm infants admitted to the NICU of the Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Instrument: three parts-questionnaire with: sociodemographic data, questions quantitative and questions qualitative. To process and analyze the quantitative data collected, the SPSS software, version 15.0 was used. Qualitative data were submitted to IRAMUTEQ software for lexical analysis of text units. Results: we can see that the nurses recognize premature as a human being who needs care, unable to survive alone. They recognize the impact of the environment for the development of preterm newborn infants and consider that the current environment should improve in areas such as noise and light. They believe that parents and family are important for the development of preterm infants, considering the appropriate visiting hours, although these are not totally free. They perceive the premature communication skills and consider relevant talking to them.